Filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration Statement No. 333-213100
 PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To prospectus dated December 23, 2016)

 
$41,000,000 Principal Amount 4.50% Senior Secured Convertible Note Due 2022
Warrants to Purchase up to 15,459,016 Shares of Common Stock 

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Workhorse Group Inc.
  

We are offering (i) a $41,000,000 Principal Amount Senior Secured Convertible Note (the “Note”) and (ii) warrants to purchase up to 15,459,016 shares of our common stock, subject to adjustments as provided in the warrant, following certain early redemptions of the Note (the “Warrants” and, together with the Notes, the “Securities”) directly to investors without an underwriter or placement agent pursuant to this prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus. We are not paying underwriting discounts or commissions, so the proceeds to us before expenses will be approximately $38,950,000. We estimate the total expenses of this offering will be approximately $150,000.

The Note will bear interest at 4.50% per year, payable in cash or shares of our common stock at our option, and will mature on November 1, 2022. We are selling the Note at an issue price of 95.0% of its principal amount and when we repay the principal of the Note for any reason, we will be required to pay 112% of the principal amount repaid, plus any accrued interest and applicable premiums. We may redeem the Note at any time for the amounts described in this prospectus supplement, plus accrued interest.

We will not make application to list the Note or the Warrants on any securities exchange or to include either of them in any automated quotation system.

Our common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “WKHS.”

As of November 19, 2019, the aggregate market value of our outstanding common equity held by non-affiliates was approximately $154.9 million based on 68,858,608 shares of outstanding common stock, of which 59,792,096 shares were held by non-affiliates, and a price of $2.58 per share which was the last reported sale price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market on November 19, 2019.


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Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. Before making an investment decision, you should carefully review and consider all of the information set forth in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-14 of this prospectus supplement and the risk factors incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined whether this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

We expect the Securities will be ready for delivery on December 9, 2019.

November 21, 2019


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Work Ahead



C1000 Medium Duty All Electric Truck.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Prospectus Supplement 
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Base Prospectus 
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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
 
This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) utilizing a “shelf” registration process. Each time we conduct an offering to sell securities under the accompanying base prospectus we will provide a prospectus supplement that will contain specific information about the terms of that offering, including the price, the amount of securities being offered and the plan of distribution. The shelf registration statement was initially filed with the SEC on August 11, 2016, and was declared effective by the SEC on December 23, 2016. This prospectus supplement describes the specific details regarding this offering and may add, update or change information contained in the accompanying base prospectus. The accompanying base prospectus provides general information about us and our securities, some of which, such as the section entitled “Plan of Distribution,” may not apply to this offering. This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus are an offer to sell only the securities offered hereby, but only under circumstances and in jurisdictions where it is lawful to do so. We are not making offers to sell or solicitations to buy our common stock in any jurisdiction in which an offer or solicitation is not authorized or in which the person making that offer or solicitation is not qualified to do so or to anyone to whom it is unlawful to make an offer or solicitation.

If information in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with the accompanying base prospectus or the information incorporated by reference with an earlier date, you should rely on this prospectus supplement. This prospectus supplement, together with the base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus and any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with this offering include all material information relating to this offering. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different or additional information and you must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus, the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus and any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with this offering is accurate only as of the respective dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates. You should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the information and documents incorporated herein by reference herein and therein, as well as any free writing prospectus we have authorized for use in connection with this offering, before making an investment decision. See “Incorporation of Certain Documents by Reference” and “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus supplement and in the accompanying base prospectus.

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus contain summaries of certain provisions contained in some of the documents described herein, but reference is made to the actual documents for complete information. All of the summaries are qualified in their entirety by the full text of the actual documents, some of which have been filed or will be filed and incorporated by reference herein. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus supplement. We further note that the representations, warranties and covenants made by us in any agreement that is filed as an exhibit to any document that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying base prospectus were made solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, including, in some cases, for the purpose of allocating risk among the parties to such agreements, and should not be deemed to be a representation, warranty or covenant to you. Moreover, such representations, warranties or covenants were accurate only as of the date when made. Accordingly, such representations, warranties and covenants should not be relied on as accurately representing the current state of our affairs.

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus contain and incorporate by reference certain market data and industry statistics and forecasts that are based on Company-sponsored studies, independent industry publications and other publicly available information. Although we believe these sources are reliable, estimates as they relate to projections involve numerous assumptions, are subject to risks and uncertainties, and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus and under similar headings in the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. Accordingly, investors should not place undue reliance on this information.

Unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” the “Company” and “Workhorse Group” refer to Workhorse Group Inc. and unless otherwise differentiated, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Workhorse Technologies Inc., Workhorse Properties Inc, Workhorse Motor Works Inc. and Surefly, Inc.


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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT SUMMARY
 
This prospectus summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein. This summary does not contain all of the information that you should consider before deciding to invest in our securities. You should read this entire prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus carefully, including the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-7 and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the other information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, before making an investment decision.
 
Our Company
 
We are a technology company focused on providing sustainable and cost-effective solutions to the commercial transportation sector. As an American manufacturer, we design and build high performance battery-electric vehicles and aircraft that make movement of people and goods more efficient and less harmful to the environment. As part of our solution, we also develop cloud-based, real-time telematics performance monitoring systems that enable fleet operators to optimize energy and route efficiency. Although we operate as a single unit through our subsidiaries, we approach our development through two divisions, Automotive and Aviation. We are currently focused on our core competency of bringing the CFamily (formerly N-GEN) electric cargo van to market and fulfilling our existing backlog of orders. We are also exploring other opportunities in monetizing our intellectual property, which could include a sale, license or other arrangement of assets that are outside of our core focus. We cannot guarantee that we will be successful in such efforts to monetize our non-core assets.

Workhorse electric delivery vans are currently in production and are in use by our customers on U.S. roads. Our delivery customers include companies such as UPS, DHL, FedEx Express, Alpha Baking and W.B. Mason. Data from our in-house developed telematics system demonstrates our vehicles on the road are averaging approximately a 500% increase in fuel economy as compared to conventional gasoline-based trucks of the same size and duty cycle. In addition to improved fuel economy, we anticipate that the performance of our vehicles on-route will reduce long-term vehicle maintenance expense by approximately 50% as compared to fossil-fueled trucks.

We are an original equipment manufacturer (“OEM”) capable of manufacturing Class 3-6 commercial-grade, medium-duty truck chassis at our Union City, Indiana facility, marketed under the Workhorse® brand. All Workhorse last mile delivery vans are assembled in the Union City assembly facility. From our development modeling and the existing performance of our electric vehicles on American roads, we estimate that our E-GEN Range-Extended Electric delivery vans will save over $150,000 in fuel and maintenance savings over the 20-year life of the vehicle. We expect that fleet buyers will be able to achieve a four-year or better return-on-investment (without government incentives). Our goal is to continue to increase sales and production, while executing on our cost-down strategy to a point that will enable us to achieve gross margin profitability of the last mile-delivery van platform. As a key strategy, we have developed the Workhorse CFamily (formerly N-GEN) platform, which has been accelerated from our development efforts on the USPS NGDV program.

The Workhorse CFamily (formerly N-GEN) electric cargo van platform will be available in multiple size configurations, 450, 650 and 1,000 cubic feet. We intend to initiate the launch with the 450 cubic foot configuration where it is designed to compete with the Sprinter, Transit and RAM gasoline/diesel trucks in the commercial sector with an emphasis on last-mile delivery and other service-oriented businesses, such as telecom. This ultra-low floor platform incorporates state-of-the-art safety features, economy and performance: we expect these vehicles to achieve a fuel economy of approximately 60 miles per gallon efficiency (“MPGe”) and offer fleet operators the most favorable total cost-of-ownership of any comparable vehicle available today. We believe we are the first American OEM to market a U.S. built electric cargo van, and early indications of fleet interest are significant. We expect the CFamily (formerly N-GEN) trucks will be supported by our Ryder Systems partnership. Using CFamily (formerly N-GEN) light duty prototypes, we delivered over 100,000 packages in San Francisco and Ohio during our testing. During this period, we achieved 50 MPGe and successfully demonstrated the role our vehicles can have in last mile delivery.

As a direct result of our experiences in developing vehicles, Workhorse recently licensed our Workhorse W-15, a medium- and light-duty pickup truck platform to Lordstown Motors Corporation.


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RECENT EVENTS
 
Duke Energy/Arosa Amendment

On November 28, 2018, we entered into a Sales Agreement with Duke Energy One, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Duke Energy Corporation (NYSE: DUK) (“Duke”), pursuant to which we sold Duke 615,000 battery cells (the “615,000 Cells”) in consideration of $1,340,700. Workhorse will continue to use the cells in the near term for the delivery of trucks to UPS and DHL. Until May 1, 2019, we have the right and option to require Duke to sell the 615,000 Cells back to Workhorse and Duke has the right and option to require Workhorse to purchase the 615,000 Cells at price equal to the price the 615,000 Cells were sold. On October 14, 2019, the Company exercised its option to purchase the 615,000 Cells at a price of $2.18 per cell which will close on December 1, 2019.

Preferred Stock

Commencing May 31, 2019 through June 5, 2019, the Company entered into Subscription Agreements with institutional investors pursuant to which the investors for an aggregate purchase price of $25,000,000 purchased 1,250,000 units consisting of (i) one newly-issued share of Series B Preferred Stock, with a stated value of $20.00 per share (the “Stated Value”) and a par value of $0.001 per share (the “Preferred Stock”), and (ii) a common stock purchase warrant to purchase 7.41 shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company. (the “Preferred Stock Warrants”). The closing with respect to approximately $15,000,000 occurred on May 31, 2019 and the balance of approximately $10,000,000 closed on June 10, 2019.

The rights, preferences, privileges and limitations of the Preferred Stock are set forth in a certificate of designation filed by the Company with the Secretary of State of the State of Nevada (the “Certificate of Designation”). The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, winding-up or dissolution. The Preferred Stock is entitled to annual dividends at a rate equal to 8.0% simple interest per annum on the Stated Value of the Preferred Stock. Accrued dividends will be payable quarterly in shares of common stock of the Company based on a share price of $1.62, which was the average closing price of the Company’s common stock on the five trading days immediately preceding May 31, 2019 and in excess of the closing price of $1.60 on May 30, 2019.

The Preferred Stock is not convertible and does not hold voting rights. Upon any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, liquidation of the Company’s assets will be made in the following order of priority: (a) first, payment or provision for payment of debts and other liabilities; (b) second, payment to the holders of the Preferred Stock an amount with respect to each share of the Preferred Stock’s Stated Value plus any accrued but unpaid dividends thereon; and (c) third, payment to the holders of common stock.

On May 31, 2023 and June 10, 2023, the Company shall redeem all the outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock at the Stated Value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends. At any time prior to such date, the Company subject to the repayment and retirement, in accordance with its terms, of the Credit Agreement dated as of December 31, 2018 (the “Credit Agreement”), among the Company, as the borrower, the lenders thereto and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as Agent, the Company may, in its sole discretion, redeem any outstanding shares of Preferred Stock at the Stated Value, plus accrued and unpaid dividends (“Optional Redemption”). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company may effect an Optional Redemption prior to the fourth anniversary of the Closing Date so long as it obtains from the lenders to the Credit Agreement their prior written consent to such Optional Redemption.

The Preferred Stock Warrants have an exercise price of $1.62 per share, which was in excess of the closing price of $1.60 on May 30, 2019, are immediately exercisable and will expire seven years from the date of issuance.

Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the aggregate number of shares of common stock issued in payment of dividends on the Preferred Stock when added to the number of shares of common stock issued upon exercise of any warrants shall not exceed 19.9% of either (a) the total number of shares of common stock outstanding on the date hereof or (b) the total voting power of the Company’s securities outstanding on the date hereof that are entitled to vote on a matter being voted on by holders of the common stock, unless and until the Company obtains stockholder approval permitting such issuances in accordance with applicable rules of the NASDAQ Capital Market.

The offer, sale and issuance of the above securities was made to accredited investors and the Company relied upon the exemptions contained in Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and/or Rule 506 of Regulation D promulgated thereunder with regard to the sale. No advertising or general solicitation was employed in offering the securities. The offer and sales were made to accredited investors and transfer of the common stock will be restricted by the Company in accordance with the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.


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Moog Inc. Purchase Agreement

On October 1, 2019, we entered into, and on October 4, 2019 and October 31, 2019, we amended, along with our wholly owned subsidiary, Surefly, Inc. (“Surefly”), and Moog Inc. (the “Purchaser”), an Asset Purchase Agreement (as so amended, the “Purchase Agreement”) pursuant to which the Purchaser agreed to (i) purchase substantially all the assets of Surefly, other than (a) Surefly’s assets and intellectual property related to Surefly’s Horsefly truck-based electrically powered unmanned aerial system (the “Horsefly Assets”), (b) Surefly’s cash and cash equivalents, (c) Surefly’s insurance policies, and (d) certain pre-closing causes of action and refund rights, and (ii) assume certain liabilities of Surefly, other than certain retained liabilities, for a cash purchase price of $4.0 million.

The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Company, Surefly and the Purchaser, as well as customary covenants of the Company, Surefly and the Purchaser. Additionally, the closing of the transaction is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary closing conditions set forth in the Purchase Agreement. The closing date required to be no later than December 2, 2019; if the purchase contemplated by this Agreement has not closed by that date, this Agreement shall be terminated and the Parties shall bear no further legal responsibility to each other.

The Company and Surefly have agreed in the Purchase Agreement not to solicit orders of certain products from specified customers for a period of two years after the closing date. The Company and Surefly and Purchaser have agreed to indemnify each other for, among other things, losses resulting from breaches or misrepresentations under the Purchase Agreement and failure to perform covenants contained in the Purchase Agreement. The Company and Surefly’s indemnification obligations are subject to a $25,000 tipping basket and a $2.0 million cap.

In connection with the closing of the Purchase Agreement, the Company and Moog will enter into a joint venture agreement for the development of the Horsefly Assets and the related business (the “Horsefly Agreement”). Under the proposed Horsefly Agreement, the Company will contribute the Horsefly Assets and Moog will contribute certain complementary assets to a newly formed entity (“Joint Venture”). The Company and Moog will each own fifty percent of the equity interests in the Joint Venture.

Restatement of Previously Issued Financial Statements

On November 1, 2019, the Company filed Amendment No. 1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q/A”) for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2019, originally filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission on August 9, 2019 (the “Original Form 10-Q”), which restated the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 (the “Financial Statements”), and amended the related notes and disclosures thereto.

The Company identified an accounting misstatement in the Financial Statements primarily related to warrants issued in July 2018 as part of a debt financing (“2018 Warrants”). The 2018 Warrants were originally required to be marked-to-market at each balance sheet date unless a reclassification event occurred resulting in the change of the classification of the 2018 Warrants to equity instruments. However, based on further analysis, it was determined that on January 1, 2019, the 2018 Warrants no longer met the criteria to be classified as a liability and should have been reclassified to equity and mark-to-market accounting no longer applied. In addition, the Company determined that the classification of certain warrants issued to lenders in 2019 were misclassified as liability financial instruments, while they should have been classified as equity instruments and not market-to-market.

The impact on the Company’s Financial Statements for the misstatements described above is to reduce interest expense by approximately $16.9 million and reduce the warrant liability by the same amount for previously recorded mark-to-market adjustments. The impact on shareholders' deficit was to reduce it by approximately $17.6 million.

ST Engineering Hackney, Inc. Asset Purchase Agreement

On October 31, 2019, the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with ST Engineering Hackney, Inc. (“Seller”) pursuant to which the Company agreed to purchase certain assets of Seller (the “Acquired Assets”) and assume certain liabilities of Seller. The closing under the Purchase Agreement (the “Closing”) shall occur within five business days after the satisfaction of certain conditions.

The Purchase Agreement provides that the Company will be required to deliver shares of its common stock to the Seller if it does not make the Second Payment (as defined below) on a timely basis. Accordingly, upon execution of the Purchase Agreement, the Company deposited $1.0 million in cash and shares of its common stock having an aggregate value of $6.6 million based on the closing price as of the day immediately preceding the date of the Purchase Agreement (the “Escrow
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Shares”) into an escrow account (the “Escrow Account”) with U.S. Bank National Association to be held pursuant to the terms of an escrow agreement by and among U.S. Bank National Association, the Company and Seller. The number of Escrow Shares shall be subject to adjustment if the aggregate value of the Escrow Shares is less than $5.28 million or greater than $7.92 million on certain dates.

Pursuant to the terms of the Purchase Agreement, the Company agreed to pay $7.0 million for the purchase of the Acquired Assets, $1.0 million of which shall be payable from the Escrow Account upon satisfaction of certain conditions, and the remaining $6.0 million of which (the “Second Payment”) shall be payable in cash within 45 days if certain additional conditions are attained. The Purchase Agreement provides that the Company shall make additional payments to Seller in the event the Second Payment is not made within 45 days of when such payment is due. In the event payment of the Second Payment is not made to Seller within 105 days after such payment is due, Seller may, at its option, require that the Escrow Agent release to Seller Escrow Shares with a value (based on the then-current market price of the shares) equal to $6,000,000 in satisfaction of the Second Payment.

Executive Team Changes/Stock Grants

On November 11, 2019, Paul Gaitan notified the Company that he intended to resign as Chief Financial Officer of the Company effectively immediately. In connection with Mr. Gaitan’s resignation, the Company has commenced a search for a replacement Chief Financial Officer. Gregory Ackerson, the Company’s Controller, has agreed to serve as the Company’s Interim Chief Financial Officer until the Company has engaged a full-time replacement Chief Financial Officer. The Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Ackerson Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Ackerson, effective November 12, 2019. Pursuant to the Ackerson Employment Agreement, Mr. Ackerson will receive a base salary of $175,000 per year and will be eligible to receive a target performance bonus equal to 50% of his base salary with the potential to increase to 75% of his base salary assuming pre-determined performance goals are met as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Compensation Committee”). The Company granted 104,166 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Ackerson under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan. The restricted stock will vest over three years. In the event Mr. Ackerson is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (as such terms are defined in the Ackerson Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to severance payments in an amount equal to nine months of his base salary plus a prorated portion of his target performance bonus. In addition, any outstanding equity awards will immediately accelerate and vest. The Company will also continue to pay the employer portion of his COBRA premium cost for up to nine months.

On November 6, 2019, the Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement (the “Hughes Employment Agreement”) with Duane Hughes, Chief Executive Officer, effective November 6, 2019. Pursuant to the Hughes Employment Agreement, Mr. Hughes will receive a base salary of $475,000 per year and will be eligible to receive a target performance bonus equal to 100% of his base salary with the potential to increase to 200% of his base salary assuming pre-determined performance goals are met as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Company granted 239,044 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Hughes under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan. The restricted stock will vest over three years commencing on January 1, 2020. In addition, the options to acquire 1,000,000 shares of common stock issued to Mr. Hughes earlier in 2019 immediately vested on the effective date of the Hughes Employment Agreement. In the event Mr. Hughes is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (as such terms are defined in the Hughes Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to severance payments in an amount equal to 24 months of his base salary plus a prorated portion of his target performance bonus. In addition, any outstanding equity awards will immediately accelerate and vest. The Company will also continue to pay the employer portion of his COBRA premium cost for up to 24 months.
The Company entered into an amended and restated employment agreement (the “Willison Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Robert Willison, Chief Operating Officer, effective November 6, 2019. Pursuant to the Willison Employment Agreement, Mr. Willison will receive a base salary of $300,000 per year and will be eligible to receive a target performance bonus equal to 75% of his base salary with the potential to increase to 100% of his base salary assuming pre-determined performance goals are met as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Company granted 119,522 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Willison under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan. The restricted stock will vest over three years commencing on January 1, 2020. In the event Mr. Willison is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (as such terms are defined in the Wilson Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to severance payments in an amount equal to 18 months of his base salary plus a prorated portion of his target performance bonus. In addition, any outstanding equity awards will immediately accelerate and vest. The Company will also continue to pay the employer portion of his COBRA premium cost for up to 18 months.

The Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Furey Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Anthony Furey, Vice President of Finance, effective November 6, 2019. Pursuant to the Furey Employment Agreement, Mr. Furey will receive a base salary of $225,000 per year and will be eligible to receive a target performance bonus equal to 50% of his base salary with the potential to increase to 75% of his base salary assuming pre-determined performance goals are met as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Company granted 338,648 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Furey under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan. The restricted stock will vest over three years. The Company will also grant a one-time
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a $100,000 restricted stock grant if and when the closing of the sale of Surefly occurs. In the event Mr. Furey is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (as such terms are defined in the Furey Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to severance payments in an amount equal to nine months of his base salary plus a prorated portion of his target performance bonus. In addition, any outstanding equity awards will immediately accelerate and vest. The Company will also continue to pay the employer portion of his COBRA premium cost for up to nine months.

On November 6, 2019, the Company appointed Mr. Stephen M. Fleming as General Counsel and Vice President of the Company. In connection with the appointment of Mr. Fleming, the Company entered into an employment agreement (the “Fleming Employment Agreement”) with Mr. Fleming effective November 6, 2019. Pursuant to the Fleming Employment Agreement, Mr. Fleming will receive a base salary of $300,000 per year and will be eligible to receive a target performance bonus equal to 50% of his base salary with the potential to increase to 75% of his base salary assuming pre-determined performance goals are met as determined by the Compensation Committee. The Company granted 517,928 shares of restricted common stock to Mr. Fleming under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan. The restricted stock will vest over three years commencing on January 1, 2020. In the event Mr. Fleming is terminated without cause or resigns for good reason (as such terms are defined in the Fleming Employment Agreement), he will be entitled to severance payments in an amount equal to 16 months of his base salary plus a prorated portion of his target performance bonus. In addition, any outstanding equity awards will immediately accelerate and vest. The Company will also continue to pay the employer portion of his COBRA premium cost for up to 15 months.

On November 6, 2019 the Company granted Ray Chess, Chairman of the Board, 47,809 shares of restricted common stock for historical services rendered for which no director compensation was received. The restricted stock will vest over two years in semi-annual installments commencing May 6, 2020. In addition, for director services for the year ended December 31, 2019, Mr. Chess was granted 29,880 shares of common stock vesting May 6, 2020. Going forward, Mr. Chess will receive an annual grant of restricted stock in the amount of $75,000. In addition, directors Michael Clark, Gerald Budde, Benjamin Samuels and Harry DeMott were granted 47,809 restricted common stock in consideration for the historical services. The restricted stock will vest over two years in semi-annual installments commencing on May 6, 2020. In addition, for director services for the year ended December 31, 2019, Messrs. Clark, Budde, Samuels and DeMott were granted 23,904 shares of restricted common stock vesting May 6, 2020. Going forward, Messrs. Clark, Budde, Samuels and DeMott will receive an annual grant of restricted common stock in the amount of $60,000 vesting over two years in semi-annual installments. All stock grants were issued under the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.

Corporate Information
 
We are a Nevada corporation. Our executive offices are located at 100 Commerce Drive, Loveland, Ohio 45140, and our telephone number is 513-360-4704. Our website is www.workhorse.com. Information contained in, or accessible through, our website does not constitute part of, and should not be construed as being incorporated by reference into, this prospectus and inclusions of our website address in this prospectus are inactive textual references only.
 

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The Offering


The following is a brief summary of some of the terms of the offering and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the more detailed information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus.

The Note
Senior Secured Convertible Note offered by usWe are offering a Senior Secured Convertible Note with a principal amount of $41,000,000 (the “Note”).
RankingThe Note shall be a senior secured obligation of the Issuer and rank senior to all unsecured debt of the Issuer.
Interest4.50% per annum, paid quarterly commencing February 1, 2020 in cash or, subject to certain conditions, shares of our common stock at our option. Any shares issued for such interest payment will be valued at the Market Price
Conversion Price$3.05, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments and adjustments for certain corporate events.
Maturity DateNovember 1, 2022
SecurityThe Note will be secured by substantially all of the assets of Issuer. However, if we consummate a non-convertible debt financing with a minimum size of $40 million, a maximum interest rate of LIBOR plus 8.00% and certain other required terms (a “Qualified Debt Financing”), the Note shall subordinate its security interests in the assets of the Issuer to the extent required for the consummation of such Qualified Debt Financing and will continue to rank senior to all other unsecured debt of the Issuer.
Repayment PriceWhen we repay principal on the Note for any reason, we will be required to pay 112% of the amount of principal repaid (the “Repayment Price”).
Optional Redemption by the HolderThe first day of each month beginning on March 1, 2020 (an "Early Redemption Date"), the holder may require us to redeem up to $1.68 million principal amount of the Note at the Repayment Price (each a "Redemption Payment"). Any unused Redemption Payment capacity may be used by the holder on any future Redemption Date. As described more fully under “Description of the Note”, under certain circumstances, we can require the holder to defer early redemptions. The Company can elect to pay any Redemption Payment in cash or, subject to certain conditions, in freely saleable shares of our common stock, or a combination thereof. Any shares issued for such Redemption Payment will be valued at the Market Price (as defined below).
Optional Redemption by the IssuerWe may redeem all (or any portion in excess of $5,000,000) of the Note at any time at the greater of (a) 115% of the conversion value, calculated based on the highest VWAP during the period beginning 30 days prior to such redemption and ending the day prior to the redemption date, or (b) 100% of the Repayment Price (an “Issue Redemption”), in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest. Any redemption amount above the Repayment Price can, subject to certain conditions, be paid in shares valued at the Market Price at our option.
Repurchase or Redemption Upon a Fundamental ChangeA holder may require us to repurchase the Note upon a Fundamental Change at (a) 110% of the Repayment Price or (b) if certain conditions are not met, 115% of the conversion value, calculated based on the highest VWAP during the period beginning 30 days prior to the effective date of such Fundamental Change, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest.

At the holder’s sole discretion, the holder may require us to redeem the Note in lieu of repurchase in exchange with shares of our Common Stock valued at the Market Price.
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Events of DefaultIf an Event of Default occurs, we will in certain circumstances increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.
Forced ConversionWe can require conversion of the Note, subject to certain conditions and beneficial ownership limitations, if the VWAP exceeds 150% of the Conversion Price for 15 consecutive trading days.
Mandatory Conversion or RedemptionWe are required to convert into Common Stock at least (i) $2,500,000 principal amount of Note Stock prior to February 1, 2020 and (ii) $5,000,000 principal amount (less any amounts converted prior to February 1, 2020) of the Note between February 1, 2020 and April 1, 2020. To the extent we fail to make any such conversion, we are required to redeem such unconverted principal amount of the Note for cash as described herein.
Conversion at the Option of the HolderSubject to certain conditions, the Note may be converted by the Holder in whole in part at any time.
Market PriceFor purposes of determining the number of shares of common stock issued by the Company to the holder of the Note in lieu of certain cash payments required by the Note, “Market Price” will be 90% of the lesser of: (i) the volume-weighted average price of our common stock (the “VWAP”) on the trading day immediately preceding the applicable payment date and (ii) the average of the lowest two daily VWAPs during the period of five trading days immediately preceding the applicable payment date.
The Warrants
Shares Issuable on ExerciseUp to 15,459,016 shares of Common Stock, subject to adjustment upon the split or combination of the Common Stock and certain similar events.
Exercise Price
The exercise price per share of Common Stock will be equal to the greater of (i) the Conversion Price of the Note on the day the Warrants become exercisable and (ii) the highest daily VWAP of the Common Stock occurring during the 30 consecutive days ending on the day before the Warrants become exercisable. If the Warrants become exercisable on more than one day as a result of partial redemption of the Note by the Company, the exercise price will be set separately for the Warrants becoming exercisable on each such day.The initial exercise price is $3.05 per share.
Cashless ExerciseThe Warrants permit cashless exercise at all times. The number of Warrants surrendered to effect such cashless exercise will be based on the market price of the Common Stock at the time of exercise.
Limitations on ExerciseThe Warrants may only be exercised following the full or partial redemption of the Note at the option of the Issuer. In the event the Note is redeemed in part, the percentage of the Warrants that will become exercisable upon such redemption will be equal to the percentage of the original principal amount of the Note redeemed at such time.
Beneficial Ownership Limitations
The Warrants may not be exercised to the extent they cause the holder of the Warrants to become “beneficial owner” of more than 4.9% of our Common Stock for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Beneficial Ownership limitation may be increased at the discretion of the holder of the Warrants to any percentage less than or equal to 9.9% of our Common Stock.
Exercise PeriodThe Warrants will be exercisable for a period of 90 days after the date upon which they become exercisable.
Use of proceedsWe estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $38.95 million, after discounts and deducting the estimated offering expenses payable by us. We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for repaying all outstanding indebtedness under our Marathon Agreement, working capital and general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” on page S-24.
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Risk factorsInvesting in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page S-14 and the other information included or incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in our common stock.
NASDAQ Capital Market SymbolWKHS

RISK FACTORS
 
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before purchasing our securities, you should read and consider carefully the following risk factors as well as all other information contained and incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying base prospectus, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes. Each of these risk factors, either alone or taken together, could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition, as well as adversely affect the value of an investment in our common stock. There may be additional risks that we do not presently know of or that we currently believe are immaterial, which could also impair our business and financial position. If any of the events described below were to occur, our financial condition, our ability to access capital resources, our results of operations and/or our future growth prospects could be materially and adversely affected and the market price of our securities could decline. As a result, you could lose some or all of any investment you may make in our securities.
 
Risks Relating to Our Business
 
We need access to additional financing in 2020 and beyond, which may not be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. If we cannot access additional financing when we need it and on acceptable terms, our business may fail.

Our business plan to design, produce, sell and service commercial electric vehicles through our Union City facility will require continued capital investment in 2020. Our research and development activities will also require continued investment. For the year ended December 31, 2018, our independent registered public accounting firm issued a report on our 2018 financial statements that contained an explanatory paragraph stating that the lack of sales, negative working capital and stockholders’ deficit, raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern. Assuming the closing of this Offering, we will have adequate capital to continue operations into the third quarter 2020. In addition, although we have adequate capital as a result of our recent capital raise, which will allow us to finalize research and development on the CFamily (formerly NGEN) and fulfill on our existing orders, we will need additional capital beyond 2020 to continue additional research and development and fulfill additional orders. Unless and until we are able to generate a sufficient amount of revenue, reduce our costs and/or enter a strategic relationship, we expect to finance future cash needs through public and/or private offerings of equity securities and/or debt financings. Outside of this Offering, we do not currently have any committed future funding for operating costs or for confirmed purchase orders. If we are not able to obtain additional financing when needed in 2020 and/or substantially increase revenue from sales, we will be unable to continue as a going concern or satisfy the delivery of our orders. As a result, we may have to liquidate our assets and may receive less than the value at which those assets are carried on our consolidated financial statements, and investors will likely lose a substantial part or all of their investment. We cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. Further, if there remains doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern, investors or other financing sources may be unwilling to provide additional funding on acceptable terms or at all. If we cannot obtain additional financing when we need it and on terms acceptable to us, we will not be able to continue as a going concern.

Our results of operations have not resulted in profitability and we may not be able to achieve profitability going forward.

We have an accumulated deficit of $179.5 million as of September 30, 2019. We have had net losses in each quarter since our inception. We expect that we will continue to incur net losses through at least the remainder of 2019. We may incur significant losses in the future for a number of reasons, including the other risks described in this prospectus, and we may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown events. Accordingly, we may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Our management is developing plans to alleviate the negative trends and conditions described above and there is no guarantee that such plans will be successfully implemented. Our business plan is focused on providing sustainable and cost-effective solutions to the commercial transportation sector but is still unproven. There is no assurance that even if we successfully implement our business plan, that we will be able to curtail our losses or ever achieve profitable operations. If we incur additional significant operating losses, our stock price may significantly decline.


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We have yet to achieve positive cash flow and, given our projected funding needs, our ability to generate positive cash flow is uncertain.

We have had negative cash flow from operating activities of $21.8 million and $38.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively and negative cash flows from operating activities of $24.1 million for the nine (9) months ending September 30, 2019. We anticipate that we will continue to have negative cash flow from operating and investing activities through 2019 as we expect to incur research and development, sales and marketing, and general and administrative expenses and make capital expenditures in our efforts to increase sales and ramp up operations at our Union City facility. Our business also will at times require significant amounts of working capital to support our growth of additional platforms. An inability to generate positive cash flow for the near term may adversely affect our ability to raise needed capital for our business on reasonable terms, diminish supplier or customer willingness to enter into transactions with us, and have other adverse effects that may decrease our long-term viability. There can be no assurance that the Company will achieve positive cash flow in the near future or at all.

The development of our business in the near future is contingent upon the implementation of orders from UPS and other key customers for the purchase of Workhorse vehicles and if we are unable to perform under these orders, our business may fail.

On June 4, 2014, the Company entered into a Vehicle Purchase Agreement with United Parcel Service Inc. (“UPS”) which outlined the relationship by which the Company would sell vehicles to UPS. To date, we have received six separate orders totaling up to 1,405 vehicles from UPS. The sixth and most recent order is from the first quarter 2018. We have entered into various purchase orders with UPS relating to the delivery of certain vehicles ordered. We expect to deliver these vehicles in 2020, subject to our ability to obtain additional financing to fund their production. There is no guarantee that the Company will be able to perform under these orders and if it does perform, that UPS will purchase additional vehicles from the Company. Also, there is no assurance that UPS will not terminate its agreement with the Company pursuant to the termination provisions therein. Further, if the Company is not able to raise the required capital to purchase required parts and pay certain vendors, the Company may not be able to comply with UPS’s deadlines. Accordingly, despite the receipt of the orders from UPS, there is no assurance, due to the Company’s financial constraints, that the Company will be able to deliver such vehicles or that it will receive additional orders whether from UPS or other potential customers.

If we are unable to perform under our orders with UPS, the Company business will be significantly negatively impacted.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult for us to evaluate our future business prospects and make decisions based on those estimates of our future performance.

As we begin to fully implement our manufacturing capabilities, it is difficult, if not impossible, to forecast our future results based upon our historical data. Because of the uncertainties related to our lack of historical operations, we may be hindered in our ability to anticipate and adapt to increases or decreases in revenues or expenses. If we make poor budgetary decisions as a result of unreliable historical data, we could be less profitable or incur losses, which may result in a decline in our stock price.

We offer no financing on our vehicles. As such, our business is dependent on cash sales, which may adversely affect our growth prospects.

While most of our current customers are well-established companies with significant purchasing power, many of our potential smaller and medium-sized customers may need to rely on credit or leasing arrangements to gain access to our vehicles. Unlike some of our competitors who provide credit or leasing services for the purchase of their vehicles, we do not provide, and currently do not have commercial arrangements with a third party that provides, such financial services. We believe the current limited availability of credit or leasing solutions for our vehicles could adversely affect our revenues and market share in the commercial electric vehicle market.

We do not receive progress payments on orders of our vehicles, and if a purchaser fails to pay upon delivery, we may not be able to recoup the costs we incurred in producing such vehicles.

Our arrangements with existing customers do not provide for progress payments as we begin to fulfill orders. Customers are only required to pay us upon delivery of vehicles. If a customer fails to take delivery of an ordered vehicle or fails to pay for such vehicle, we may not receive cash to offset the production expenses of such vehicle, which could adversely affect our cash flows.

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Our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected if we cannot reduce and adequately control the costs and expenses associated with operating our business, including our material and production costs.

We incur significant costs and expenses related to procuring the materials, components and services required to develop and produce our electric vehicles. We have secured supply agreements for our critical components including our batteries. However, these are dependent on volume to ensure that they are available at a competitive price. We continually work on cost-down initiatives to reduce our cost structure so that we may effectively compete. If we do not reduce our costs and expenses, our net losses will continue which will negatively impact our business and stock price.

Increases in costs, disruption of supply or shortage of lithium-ion cells could harm our business.

We may experience increases in the cost or a sustained interruption in the supply or shortage of lithium-ion cells. Any such increase, supply interruption or shortage could materially and negatively impact our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. The prices for these lithium-ion cells can fluctuate depending on market conditions and global demand for these materials and could adversely affect our business and operating results. We are exposed to multiple risks relating to lithium-ion cells including:

●the inability or unwillingness of current battery manufacturers to build or operate battery cell manufacturing plants to supply the numbers of lithium-ion cells we may require going forward;

●disruption in the supply of cells due to quality issues or recalls by battery cell manufacturers;

●an increase in the cost of raw materials used in the cells; and

●fluctuations in the value of the Japanese yen against the U.S. dollar in the event our purchasers of lithium-ion cells are denominated in Japanese yen.

Our business is dependent on the continued supply of battery cells for the battery packs used in our vehicles. While we believe several sources of the battery cells are available for such battery cells, we have fully qualified Panasonic and EnerDel for the supply of the cells used in such battery packs and have very limited flexibility in changing cell suppliers. Any disruption in the supply of battery cells could disrupt production of our vehicles until such time as a different supplier is fully qualified. Furthermore, fluctuations or shortages in petroleum, tariff or trade issues and other economic or tax conditions may cause us to experience significant increases in freight charges. Substantial increases in the prices for the battery cells or prices charged to us, would increase our operating costs, and could reduce our margins if we cannot recoup the increased costs through increased vehicle prices. Any attempts to increase vehicle prices in response to increased costs in our battery cells could result in cancellations of vehicle orders and therefore materially and adversely affect our brand, image, business, prospects and operating results.

The demand for commercial electric vehicles depends, in part, on the continuation of current trends resulting from dependence on fossil fuels. Extended periods of low diesel or other petroleum-based fuel prices could adversely affect demand for our vehicles, which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We believe that much of the present and projected demand for commercial electric vehicles results from concerns about volatility in the cost of petroleum-based fuel, the dependency of the United States on oil from unstable or hostile countries, government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternative forms of energy, as well as the belief that climate change results in part from the burning of fossil fuels. If the cost of petroleum-based fuel decreased significantly, the outlook for the long-term supply of oil to the United States improved, the government eliminated or modified its regulations or economic incentives related to fuel efficiency and alternative forms of energy, or if there is a change in the perception that the burning of fossil fuels negatively impacts the environment, the demand for commercial electric vehicles could be reduced, and our business and revenue may be harmed.

Diesel and other petroleum-based fuel prices have been extremely volatile, and we believe this continuing volatility will persist. Lower diesel or other petroleum-based fuel prices over extended periods of time may lower the perception in government and the private sector that cheaper, more readily available energy alternatives should be developed and produced. If diesel or other petroleum-based fuel prices remain at deflated levels for extended periods of time, the demand for commercial
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electric vehicles may decrease, which would have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Our future growth is dependent upon the willingness of operators of commercial vehicle fleets to adopt electric vehicles and on our ability to produce, sell and service vehicles that meet their needs. This often depends upon the cost for an operator adopting electric vehicle technology as compared to the cost of traditional internal combustion technology.

Our growth is dependent upon the adoption of electric vehicles by operators of commercial vehicle fleets and on our ability to produce, sell and service vehicles that meet their needs. The entry of commercial electric vehicles into the medium-duty commercial vehicle market is a relatively new development, particularly in the United States, and is characterized by rapidly changing technologies and evolving government regulation, industry standards and customer views of the merits of using electric vehicles in their businesses. This process has been slow as without including the impact of government or other subsidies and incentives, the purchase prices for our commercial electric vehicles currently is higher than the purchase prices for diesel-fueled vehicles. Our growth has also been negatively impacted by the relatively low price of oil over the last few years.

If the market for commercial electric vehicles does not develop as we expect or develops more slowly than we expect, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.

As part of our sales efforts, we must educate fleet managers as to the economical savings we believe they will benefit from during the life of the vehicle. As such, we believe that operators of commercial vehicle fleets should consider a number of factors when deciding whether to purchase our commercial electric vehicles (or commercial electric vehicles generally) or vehicles powered by internal combustion engines, particularly diesel-fueled or natural gas-fueled vehicles. We believe these factors include:

●the difference in the initial purchase prices of commercial electric vehicles and vehicles with comparable gross vehicle weight powered by internal combustion engines, both including and excluding the impact of government and other subsidies and incentives designed to promote the purchase of electric vehicles;

●the total cost of ownership of the vehicle over its expected life, which includes the initial purchase price and ongoing operating and maintenance costs;

●the availability and terms of financing options for purchases of vehicles and, for commercial electric vehicles, financing options for battery systems;

●the availability of tax and other governmental incentives to purchase and operate electric vehicles and future regulations requiring increased use of nonpolluting vehicles;

●government regulations and economic incentives promoting fuel efficiency and alternate forms of energy;

●fuel prices, including volatility in the cost of diesel;

●the cost and availability of other alternatives to diesel fueled vehicles, such as vehicles powered by natural gas;

●corporate sustainability initiatives;

●commercial electric vehicle quality, performance and safety (particularly with respect to lithium-ion battery packs);

●the quality and availability of service for the vehicle, including the availability of replacement parts;

●the limited range over which commercial electric vehicles may be driven on a single battery charge;

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●access to charging stations and related infrastructure costs, and standardization of electric vehicle charging systems;
●electric grid capacity and reliability; and

●macroeconomic factors.

If, in weighing these factors, operators of commercial vehicle fleets determine that there is not a compelling business justification for purchasing commercial electric vehicles, particularly those that we produce and sell, then the market for commercial electric vehicles may not develop as we expect or may develop more slowly than we expect, which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

If our customers are unable to efficiently and effectively integrate our electric vehicles into their existing commercial fleets our sales may suffer and our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results may be adversely affected.

Our sales strategy involves a comprehensive plan for the pilot and rollout of our electric vehicles, as well as the ongoing replacement of existing commercial vehicles with our electric vehicles, that is tailored to the individual needs of our customers. If we are unable to develop and execute fleet integration strategies or fleet management support services that meet our customers’ unique circumstances with minimal disruption to their businesses, our customers may not realize the economic benefits they expect from our electric vehicles. If this were to occur, our customers may not order additional vehicles from us, which could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We currently do not have long-term supply contracts with guaranteed pricing which exposes us to fluctuations in component, materials and equipment prices. Substantial increases in these prices would increase our operating costs and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

Because we currently do not have long-term supply contracts with guaranteed pricing, we are subject to fluctuations in the prices of the raw materials, parts and components and equipment we use in the production of our vehicles. Substantial increases in the prices for such raw materials, components and equipment would increase our operating costs and could reduce our margins if we cannot recoup the increased costs through increased vehicle prices. Any attempts to increase the announced or expected prices of our vehicles in response to increased costs could be viewed negatively by our customers and could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

If we are unable to scale our operations at our Union City facility in an expedited manner from our limited low volume production to high volume production, our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results will be adversely affected.

We intend to assemble our orders at our Union City facility, which has been acceptable for our historical orders. To satisfy increased demand, we will need to quickly scale operations in our Union City facility as well as scale our supply chain including access to batteries. Such a substantial and rapid increase in operations may strain our management capabilities. Our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results could be adversely affected if we experience disruptions in our supply chain, if we cannot obtain materials of sufficient quality at reasonable prices or if we are unable to scale our Union City facility.

We depend upon key personnel and need additional personnel. The loss of key personnel or the inability to attract additional personnel may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our success depends on the continuing services of our CEO, Duane Hughes and top management. On November 6, 2019, Mr. Hughes and the Company entered into an Amended and Restated Employment Agreement provided Mr. Hughes with an annual salary of $475,000. Further, we entered into an amended and restated employment agreement with Mr. Robert Willison, Chief Operating Officer, providing an annual base salary of $300,000 per year. The loss of any of these individuals could have a material and adverse effect on our business operations. Additionally, the success of our operations will largely depend upon our ability to successfully attract and maintain other competent and qualified key management personnel. As with any company with limited resources, there can be no guarantee that we will be able to attract such individuals or that the presence of such individuals will necessarily translate into profitability for our company. Our inability to attract and retain key personnel may materially and adversely affect our business operations. Any failure by our management to effectively anticipate, implement, and manage the changes required to sustain our growth would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

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We face intense competition. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial or other resources, longer operating histories and greater name recognition than we do and could use their greater resources and/or name recognition to gain market share at our expense or could make it very difficult for us to establish market share.

Companies currently competing in the fleet logistics market offering alternative fuel medium-duty trucks include Ford Motor Company and Freightliner. Ford and Freightliner are currently selling alternative fuel fleet vehicles including hybrids. Ford and Freightliner have substantially more financial resources, established market positions, long-standing relationships with customers and dealers, and who have more significant name recognition, technical, marketing, sales, financial and other resources than we do. Although we believe that HorseFly™, our unmanned aerial system (“UAS”), is unique in the marketplace in that it currently does not have any competitors when it comes to a UAS that works in combination with a truck, there are better-financed competitors in this emerging industry, including Google and Amazon. While we are seeking to partner with existing delivery companies to improve their efficiencies in the last mile of delivery, our competitors are seeking to redefine the delivery model using drones from a central location requiring extended flight patterns. Our competitors’ new aerial delivery model would essentially eliminate traditional package delivery companies. Our model is focused on coupling our delivery drone with delivery trucks supplementing the existing model and providing shorter-term flight patterns. Google and Amazon have more significant financial resources, established market positions, long-standing relationships with customers, more significant name recognition and a larger scope of resources including technical, marketing and sales than we do.

The market for personal VTOL aircraft is new, rapidly evolving, characterized by rapidly changing technologies, price competition, additional competitors, evolving government regulation and industry standards, frequent new vehicle announcements and changing consumer demands and behaviors. The market is highly competitive, and the SureFly™ design is competing with experimental aircraft from large original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, small OEMs, other aviation related companies, technology companies and entrepreneurs. Currently, there are several VTOL aircraft being developed that have some similarity to SureFly™, including eHang and Volocopter.

The resources available to our competitors to develop new products and introduce them into the marketplace exceed the resources currently available to us. As a result, our competitors may be able to compete more aggressively and sustain that competition over a longer period than we can. This intense competitive environment may require us to make changes in our products, pricing, licensing, services, distribution, or marketing to develop a market position. Each of these competitors has the potential to capture significant market share in our target markets, which could have an adverse effect on our position in our industry and on our business and operating results.

If we are unable to keep up with advances in electric vehicle technology, we may suffer a decline in our competitive position.

There are companies in the electric vehicle industry that have developed or are developing vehicles and technologies that compete or will compete with our vehicles. We cannot assure that our competitors will not be able to duplicate our technology or provide products and services similar to ours more efficiently. If for any reason we are unable to keep pace with changes in electric vehicle technology, particularly battery technology, our competitive position may be adversely affected. We plan to upgrade or adapt our vehicles and introduce new models to continue to provide electric vehicles that incorporate the latest technology. However, there is no assurance that our research and development efforts will keep pace with those of our competitors.

Our electric vehicles compete for market share with vehicles powered by other vehicle technologies that may prove to be more attractive than ours are.

Our target market currently is serviced by manufacturers with existing customers and suppliers using proven and widely accepted fossil fuel technologies. Additionally, our competitors are working on developing technologies that may be introduced in our target market. If any of these alternative technology vehicles can provide lower fuel costs, greater efficiencies, greater reliability or otherwise benefit from other factors resulting in an overall lower total cost of ownership, this may negatively affect the commercial success of our vehicles or make our vehicles uncompetitive or obsolete.

We currently have a limited number of customers, with whom we do not have long-term agreements, and expect that a significant portion of our future sales will be from a limited number of customers. The loss of any of these customers could materially harm our business.

A significant portion of our projected future revenue is expected to be generated from a limited number of fleet customers. Additionally, much of our business model is focused on building relationships with a few large fleet customers. Currently, we have no contracts with customers that include long-term commitments or minimum volumes that ensure future
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sales of vehicles. As such, a customer may take actions that negatively affect us for reasons that we cannot anticipate or control, such as reasons related to the customer’s financial condition, changes in the customer’s business strategy or operations or as the result of the perceived performance or cost-effectiveness of our vehicles. The loss of or a reduction in sales or anticipated sales to our most significant customers would have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

 Changes in the market for electric vehicles could cause our products to become obsolete or lose popularity.

The modern electric vehicle industry is in its infancy and has experienced substantial change in the last few years. To date, demand for electric vehicles has been slower than forecasted by industry experts. As a result, growth in the electric vehicle industry depends on many factors outside our control, including, but not limited to:

●continued development of product technology, especially batteries;

●the environmental consciousness of customers;

●the ability of electric vehicles to successfully compete with vehicles powered by internal combustion engines;

●limitation of widespread electricity shortages; and
●whether future regulation and legislation requiring increased use of non-polluting vehicles is enacted.

We cannot assume that growth in the electric vehicle industry will continue. Our business will suffer if the electric vehicle industry does not grow or grows more slowly than it has in recent years or if we are unable to maintain the pace of industry demands.

President Trump’s administration may create regulatory uncertainty for the alternative energy sector and may materially harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

President Trump’s administration may create regulatory uncertainty in the alternative energy sector. President Trump has historically made comments suggesting that he was not supportive of various clean energy programs and initiatives designed to curtail global warming. Since taking office, President Trump has released his America First Energy Plan that relies on fossil fuels, canceled` U.S. participation in the Paris Climate Agreement and signed several executive orders relating to oil pipelines. It remains unclear what specifically President Trump would or would not do with respect to these programs and initiatives, and what support he would have for any potential changes to such legislative programs and initiatives in the Unites States Congress. If President Trump and/or the United States Congress take action or publicly speak out about the need to eliminate or further reduce legislation, regulations and incentives supporting alternative energy or take action to further support the use of fossil fuels, such actions may result in a decrease in demand for alternative energy in the United States and may materially harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

The unavailability, reduction, elimination or adverse application of government subsidies, incentives and regulations could have an adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

We believe that, currently, the availability of government subsidies and incentives including those available in California and other areas is an important factor considered by our customers when purchasing our vehicles, and that our growth depends in part on the availability and amounts of these subsidies and incentives. Any reduction, elimination or discriminatory application of government subsidies and incentives because of budgetary challenges, policy changes, the reduced need for such subsidies and incentives due to the perceived success of electric vehicles or other reasons may result in the diminished price competitiveness of the alternative fuel vehicle industry.

We may be unable to keep up with changes in electric vehicle technology and, as a result, may suffer a decline in our competitive position.

Our current products are designed for use with, and are dependent upon, existing electric vehicle technology. As technologies change, we plan to upgrade or adapt our products to continue to provide products with the latest technology. However, our products may become obsolete or our research and development efforts may not be sufficient to adapt to changes
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in or to create the necessary technology. Thus, our potential inability to adapt and develop the necessary technology may harm our competitive position.

The failure of certain key suppliers to provide us with components could have a severe and negative impact upon our business.

We have secured supply agreements for our critical components, including our batteries. However, the agreements are dependent on volume to ensure that they are available at a competitive price. Further, we rely on a small group of suppliers to provide us with components for our products. If these suppliers become unwilling or unable to provide components or if we are unable to meet certain volume requirements in our existing supply agreements, there are a limited number of alternative suppliers who could provide them and the price for them could be substantially higher. Changes in business conditions, wars, governmental changes, and other factors beyond our control or which we do not presently anticipate could negatively affect our ability to receive components from our suppliers. Further, it could be difficult to find replacement components if our current suppliers fail to provide the parts needed for these products. A failure by our major suppliers to provide these components could severely restrict our ability to manufacture our products and prevent us from fulfilling customer orders in a timely fashion.

Product liability or other claims could have a material adverse effect on our business.

The risk of product liability claims, product recalls, and associated adverse publicity is inherent in the manufacturing, marketing, and sale of electrical vehicles. Although we have product liability insurance for our consumer and commercial products, that insurance may be inadequate to cover all potential product claims. We also carry liability insurance on our products. Any product recall or lawsuit seeking significant monetary damages either in excess of our coverage, or outside of our coverage, may have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition. We may not be able to secure additional product liability insurance coverage on acceptable terms or at reasonable costs when needed. A successful product liability claim against us could require us to pay a substantial monetary award. Moreover, a product recall could generate substantial negative publicity about our products and business and inhibit or prevent commercialization of other future product candidates. We cannot provide assurance that such claims and/or recalls will not be made in the future.

We may have to devote substantial resources to implementing a retail product distribution network.

Dealers are often hesitant to provide their own financing to contribute to our product distribution network. Thus, we anticipate that we may have to provide financing or other consignment sale arrangements for dealers. A capital investment such as this presents many risks, foremost among them being that we may not realize a significant return on our investment if the network is not profitable. Our inability to collect receivables from dealers could cause us to suffer losses. Additionally, the amount of time that our management will need to devote to this project may divert them from performing other functions necessary to assure the success of our business. We have established a non-exclusive distribution agreement with Ryder to lower this risk.

Regulatory requirements may have a negative impact upon our business.

While our vehicles are subject to substantial regulation under federal, state, and local laws, we believe that our vehicles are or will be materially in compliance with all applicable laws. However, to the extent the laws change, or if we introduce new vehicles in the future, some or all of our vehicles may not comply with applicable federal, state, or local laws. Further, certain federal, state, and local laws and industrial standards currently regulate electrical and electronics equipment. Although standards for electric vehicles are not yet generally available or accepted as industry standards, our products may become subject to federal, state, and local regulation in the future. Compliance with these regulations could be burdensome, time consuming, and expensive.

Our products are subject to environmental and safety compliance with various federal and state regulations, including regulations promulgated by the EPA, NHTSA, FAA and various state boards, and compliance certification is required for each new model year. The cost of these compliance activities and the delays and risks associated with obtaining approval can be substantial. The risks, delays, and expenses incurred in connection with such compliance could be substantial.

Our success may be dependent on protecting our intellectual property rights.

We rely on trade secret protections to protect our proprietary technology as well as several registered patents and five patent applications. Our patents relate to the vehicle chassis assembly, vehicle header and drive module and manifold for electric motor drive assembly. Our existing patent applications relates to the onboard generator drive system for electric vehicles, the delivery drone, and the manned multicopter. Our success will, in part, depend on our ability to obtain additional
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trademarks and patents. We are working on registering additional patents and trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office but have not finalized any as of this date. Although we have entered into confidentiality agreements with our employees and consultants, we cannot be certain that others will not gain access to these trade secrets. Others may independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary information and technologies or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets. We do not maintain proprietary rights agreements with our employees, which agreements would further protect our intellectual property rights against claims by our employees. Therefore we may be subject to disputes with our employees over ownership of any new technologies or enhancements that such employees help to develop.

Our business may be adversely affected by union activities.

Although none of our employees are currently represented by a labor union, it is common throughout the automotive industry for many employees at automotive companies to belong to a union, which can result in higher employee costs and increased risk of work stoppages. Our employees may join or seek recognition to form a labor union, or we may be required to become a union signatory. Our production facility in Union City, Indiana was purchased from Navistar. Prior employees of Navistar were union members and our future work force at this facility may be inclined to vote in favor of forming a labor union. Furthermore, we are directly or indirectly dependent upon companies with unionized work forces, such as parts suppliers and trucking and freight companies, and work stoppages or strikes organized by such unions could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or operating results. If a work stoppage occurs, it could delay the manufacture and sale of our trucks and have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, operating results or financial condition. The mere fact that our labor force could be unionized may harm our reputation in the eyes of some investors and thereby negatively affect our stock price. Consequently, the unionization of our labor force could negatively impact our company’s health.

We may be exposed to liability for infringing upon the intellectual property rights of other companies.

Our success will, in part, depend on our ability to operate without infringing on the proprietary rights of others. Although we have conducted searches and are not aware of any patents and trademarks that our products or their use might infringe, we cannot be certain that infringement has not occurred or will not occur. We could incur substantial costs, in addition to the great amount of time lost, in defending any patent or trademark infringement suits or in asserting any patent or trademark rights, in a suit with another party.

Our electric vehicles make use of lithium-ion battery cells, which, if not appropriately managed and controlled, have occasionally been observed to catch fire or vent smoke and flames. If such events occur in our electric vehicles, we could face liability associated with our warranty, for damage or injury, adverse publicity and a potential safety recall, any of which would adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.

The battery packs in our electric vehicles use lithium-ion cells, which have been used for years in laptop computers and cell phones. On occasion, if not appropriately managed and controlled, lithium-ion cells can rapidly release the energy they contain by venting smoke and flames in a manner that can ignite nearby materials. Highly publicized incidents of laptop computers and cell phones bursting into flames have focused consumer attention on the safety of these cells. These events also have raised questions about the suitability of these lithium-ion cells for automotive applications. There can be no assurance that a field failure of our battery packs will not occur, which would damage the vehicle or lead to personal injury or death and may subject us to lawsuits. Furthermore, there is some risk of electrocution if individuals who attempt to repair battery packs on our vehicles do not follow applicable maintenance and repair protocols. Any such damage or injury would likely lead to adverse publicity and potentially a safety recall. Any such adverse publicity could adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. Warranty expense for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 were $8.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively. The increase during the current year relates to issues with certain battery packs in our 2016 and 2017 E-GEN and E-100 vehicles. During the fourth quarter of 2018, the battery pack monitoring software indicated that some of the battery packs were not performing at expected levels. Some vehicles have undergone replacement of battery pack components. The Company is continuing to investigate the issue and explore potential quality issues with certain vendors. As a result of the above information, the Company increased its warranty reserve by $6.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2018. As of September 30, 2019, our warranty expense was $6.5 million.

We are subject to significant corporate and accounting regulation as a public company and failure to comply with all applicable regulations could subject us to liability or negatively affect our stock price.

As a publicly traded company, we are subject to a significant body of regulation, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. While we have developed and instituted a corporate compliance program based on what we believe are the current best practices in corporate governance and continue to update this program in response to newly implemented or changing regulatory requirements, we cannot provide assurance that we are or will be in compliance with all potentially applicable
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corporate regulations. In connection with management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, we identified material weaknesses pertaining to the lack of established adequate financial reporting activities and the lack of established proper accounting and financing reporting oversight. We cannot provide assurance that, in the future, our management will not find additional material weakness in connection with its annual review of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We also cannot provide assurance that we will be able to remediate existing weaknesses and any such additional weakness identified; our failure to do so would prevent our management from concluding that our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of our fiscal year is effective. If we fail to comply with any of these regulations, we could be subject to a range of regulatory actions, fines or other sanctions or litigation. If we must disclose any material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting, our stock price could decline.

Cyber attacks could adversely affect the company

The Company faces a heightened risk of cyber-attack. Cyber-attacks may include hacking, viruses, malware, denial of service attacks, ransomware or other data security breaches. The Company’s business requires the continued operation of information systems and network infrastructure. In the event of a cyber-attack that the Company was unable to defend against or mitigate, the Company could have its operations and the operations of its customers and others disrupted. The Company could also have their financial and other information systems and network infrastructure impaired, property damaged and customer and employee information stolen; experience substantial loss of revenues, response costs and other financial loss; and be subject to increased regulation, litigation, penalties and damage to their reputation. The Company has experienced cyber-attacks, although none of the attacks had a material impact.

Risks Related to Owning Our Warrants or Common Stock

There is no public market for the Warrants to purchase shares of our common stock being offered in this offering.

There is no public trading market for the Warrants being offered in this offering, and we do not expect a market to develop. In addition, we do not intend to apply to list the Warrants on any national securities exchange or other nationally recognized trading system, including the Nasdaq Capital Market. Without an active market, the liquidity of the Warrants will be limited, and you may not be able to resell your Warrants. If your Warrants cannot be resold, you will have to depend upon any appreciation in the value of our common stock over the exercise price of the Warrants in order to realize a return on your investment in the Warrants.

Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants, holders of our Warrants will not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until such holders exercise their Warrants and acquire our common stock.

Except as otherwise provided in the Warrants, holders of our Warrants will not have the rights or privileges of a holder of our common stock, including any voting rights, until such holders exercise their Warrants and acquire our common stock. As a result, absent exercise of the Warrants, holders of the Warrants will not have the ability to vote their shares underlying the Warrants, which may limit the influence that investors in our offering may have over the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for a vote.

The trading of our shares of common stock has been relatively thin and there is no assurance that a liquid market for our shares of common stock will develop.

Our common stock has traded on the Nasdaq Capital Market, under the symbol “WKHS”, since January 2016. Since that date, our common stock has been traded relatively thinly. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully develop a liquid market for our common shares. The stock market in general, and early stage public companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of such companies. If we are unable to develop a market for our common shares, you may not be able to sell your common shares at prices you consider to be fair or at times that are convenient for you, or at all.

Our stock price and trading volume may be volatile, which could result in substantial losses for our stockholders.

The equity trading markets may experience periods of volatility, which could result in highly variable and unpredictable pricing of equity securities. The market price of our common stock could change in ways that may or may not be related to our business, our industry or our operating performance and financial condition. In addition, the trading volume in our common stock has been low and may fluctuate and cause significant price variations to occur. We have experienced significant
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volatility in the price of our stock. In addition, the stock markets in general can experience considerable price and volume fluctuations.

We have not paid cash dividends in the past and have no immediate plans to pay cash dividends.

We plan to reinvest all of our earnings, to the extent we have earnings, in order to develop our products, deliver on our orders and cover operating costs and to otherwise become and remain competitive. We do not plan to pay any cash dividends with respect to our securities in the foreseeable future. We cannot assure you that we would, at any time, generate sufficient surplus cash that would be available for distribution to the holders of our common stock as a dividend. Therefore, you should not expect to receive cash dividends on our common stock.

Shareholders may experience future dilution as a result of future equity offerings.

In order to raise additional capital, we may in the future offer additional shares of our common stock or other securities convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock at prices that may not be the same as the price per share in our prior offerings. We may sell shares or other securities in any future offering at a price per share that is lower than the price per share paid by historical investors, which would result in those newly issued shares being dilutive. In addition, investors purchasing shares or other securities in this offering or the future offerings could have rights superior to existing stockholders, which could impair the value of existing shareholders. The price per share at which we sell additional shares of our common stock, or securities convertible or exchangeable into common stock, in future transactions may be higher or lower than the price per share paid by our historical investors.

Our charter documents and Nevada law may inhibit a takeover that stockholders consider favorable.

Provisions of our certificate of incorporation and bylaws and applicable provisions of Nevada law may delay or discourage transactions involving an actual or potential change in control or change in our management, including transactions in which stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares, or transactions that our stockholders might otherwise deem to be in their best interests. The provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws:

●limit who may call stockholder meetings;

●do not provide for cumulative voting rights; and

●provide that all vacancies may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of directors then in office, even if less than a quorum.

There are limitations on director/officer liability.

As permitted by Nevada law, our certificate of incorporation limits the liability of our directors for monetary damages for breach of a director’s fiduciary duty except for liability in certain instances. As a result of our charter provision and Nevada law, shareholders may have limited rights to recover against directors for breach of fiduciary duty. In addition, our certificate of incorporation provides that we shall indemnify our directors and officers to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Risks Related to Owning Our Note

In the event we do not redeem our debt in shares of common stock, servicing our debt requires a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash flow from our business to pay our obligations under the Note.

Our ability to make scheduled payments of principal or to pay interest on or to refinance the Note depends on our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. After giving effect to this offering, our and our subsidiaries’ outstanding indebtedness will be approximately $41.0 million, and the terms of the Note requires us to pay approximately $45.9 million to repay or redeem the full principal amount of the Note at maturity or any other time. Our business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to satisfy our obligations under the Note. If we are unable to generate such cash flow, we may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as reducing or delaying investments or capital expenditures, selling assets, refinancing or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. Our ability to refinance the Note will
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depend on the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. We may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on the Note.

Some significant restructuring transactions may not constitute a Fundamental Change, in which case we would not be obligated to offer to purchase the Note.

Upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change, you have the right to require us to purchase your Note. However, the Fundamental Change provisions will not afford protection to holder of the Note in the event of other transactions that could adversely affect the Note. For example, transactions such as leveraged recapitalizations, refinancings, restructurings, or acquisitions initiated by us may not constitute a Fundamental Change requiring us to purchase the Note. In the event of any such transaction, the holders would not have the right to require us to purchase the Note, even though each of these transactions could increase the amount of our indebtedness, or otherwise adversely affect our capital structure or any credit ratings, thereby adversely affecting the holder of Note.

Conversion of the Note may dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders or may otherwise depress the price of our common stock.

The conversion of the Note will dilute the ownership interests of existing stockholders to the extent we deliver shares upon conversion of the Note. Any sales in the public market of the common stock issuable upon such conversion could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our common stock. In addition, the existence of the Note may encourage short selling by market participants because the conversion of the Note could be used to satisfy short positions, or anticipated conversion of the Note into shares of our common stock could depress the price of our common stock.

Upon conversion of the Note, you may receive less valuable consideration than expected because the value of our common stock may decline after you exercise your conversion right but before we settle our conversion obligation.

Under the Note, a converting holder will be exposed to fluctuations in the value of our common stock during the period from the date such holder surrenders the Note for conversion until the date we settle our conversion obligation. We will deliver the consideration due in respect of conversion on the second business day immediately following the relevant conversion date. Accordingly, if the price of our common stock decreases during this period, the amount and/or value of consideration you receive will be adversely affected.

The Fundamental Change repurchase feature of the Note may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial attempt to take over our company.

The terms of the Note require us to repurchase the Note in the event of a Fundamental Change. A takeover of our company would trigger an option of the holder of the Note to require us to repurchase the Note. This may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of our company that would otherwise be beneficial to investors in the Note.

The holder of the Note will not be entitled to certain rights with respect to our common stock, but will be subject to all changes made with respect to them.

The holder of the Note will not be entitled to certain rights with respect to our common stock (including, without limitation, voting rights) but to the extent the conversion consideration includes shares of our common stock, the holder of the Note will be subject to all changes affecting our common stock.

We cannot assure you that an active trading market will develop for the Note.

Prior to this offering, there has been no trading market for the Note, and we do not intend to apply to list the Note on any securities exchange or to arrange for quotation on any automated dealer quotation system. As a result, we cannot assure you that an active trading market will develop for the Note. If an active trading market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price and liquidity of the Note may be adversely affected. In that case you may not be able to sell your Note at a particular time or you may not be able to sell your Note at a favorable price.

We are subject to certain covenants set forth in the Note. Upon an event of default, including a breach of a covenant or the failure to obtain shareholder approval to increase our authorized shares of common stock, we may not be able to make such accelerated payments under the Note.

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The Note contains customary events of default, including for non-payment, misrepresentation, breach of covenants, defaults under other material indebtedness, material adverse change, bankruptcy, change of control and material judgments. Among other things, we will be required to maintain a minimum liquidity of at least $8.0 million at all times. We do not expect that we will be able to maintain compliance with this covenant unless we obtain further financing in addition to the proceeds of this offering.

Upon an event of default, the outstanding principal amount of the loan plus any other amounts owed under the Note will become immediately due and payable and the holder of the Note could foreclose on our assets. A default would also likely significantly diminish the market price of our common stock.

You may be subject to tax if we make or fail to make certain adjustments to the applicable conversion rate of the Note even though you do not receive a corresponding cash distribution.

The conversion rate is subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, including the payment of cash dividends. If the applicable conversion rate is adjusted as a result of a distribution that is taxable to our common stockholders, such as a cash dividend, you may be deemed to have received a dividend subject to U.S. federal income tax without the receipt of any cash. In addition, a failure to adjust (or to adjust adequately) the applicable conversion rate after an event that increases your proportionate interest in us could be treated as a deemed taxable dividend to you.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus and the documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated by reference herein and therein contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). In addition, from time to time we or our representatives have made or will make forward-looking statements in various other filings that we make with the SEC or in other documents, including press releases or other similar announcements. Forward-looking statements concern our current plans, intentions, beliefs, expectations and statements of future economic performance. Statements containing terms such as “will,” “may,” “believe,” “do not believe,” “plan,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate” and other phrases of similar meaning are considered to be forward-looking statements.
 
Forward-looking statements are based on our assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those reflected in or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause actual results to differ include, among others, those set forth under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and those discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and in our future periodic reports filed with the SEC, all of which are incorporated by reference herein. The following are important factors, among others, that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the results, performance or achievements reflected in our forward-looking statements:
 
●market acceptance of our products;
 
●our ability to delivery on our existing orders including the UPS order and further develop new orders;
 
●our ability to ultimately be awarded commercial or government contracts;
 
●our ability to attract and retain customers for existing and new products;
 
●our ability to effectively maintain and update our product and service portfolio;
 
●our ability to continue as a going concern;
 
●our ability to raise capital under acceptable terms;
 
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●our ability to effectively manage all warranty claims;
 
●our ability to enter long-term supply contracts including, but not limited to the supply of lithium-ion battery cells;

●our ability to maintain listing of our common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market;
 
●our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property, or the loss of some of our intellectual property rights through costly litigation or administrative proceedings;
 
●legislation and government regulation; and
 
●general economic conditions, inflation and access to capital.
 
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or the documents we have filed with the SEC that are incorporated by reference herein and therein, which reflect management’s views and opinions only as of their respective dates. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions or changes in other factors affecting such forward-looking statements, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. You are advised, however, to consult any additional disclosures we have made or will make in the filings we make with the SEC, including reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K. All subsequent forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying base prospectus or any related issuer free writing prospectus.

USE OF PROCEEDS
 
We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $38,850,000, after deducting the estimated discounts and the offering expenses payable by us.

We expect to use the net proceeds from this offering for paying all our outstanding debt obligations under the credit agreement we entered into with Marathon Asset Management, LP, on behalf of certain entities it manages, on December 31, 2018 (the “Marathon Agreement”) and for general corporate purposes. The Marathon Agreement is described more fully on our Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 2, 2019.

DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on our Common Stock. We currently anticipate that we will retain all future earnings to fund the operations of our business and do not anticipate paying dividends on the Common Stock in the foreseeable future. Our Series B Preferred Stock requires us to pay quarterly dividends, solely in Common Stock, at an annual rate of 8.0%.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
We are offering the Securities directly to a certain institutional investor. The offering is not being made through an underwriter or placement agent. We have entered into an agreement with this investor for the full amount of the offering. The form of the agreement is included as an exhibit to our Current Report on Form 8-K that we will file with the SEC in connection with the consummation of this offering. See “Where You Can Find More Information.”

Our obligation to issue and sell the Securities to the purchasers is subject to the conditions set forth in the agreement. The purchaser’s obligation to purchase shares is subject to conditions set forth in the agreement as well.

The public offering price of the Securities was negotiated between us and the investor based on the trading of our common stock prior to the offering, among other things. Other factors considered in determining the public offering price of the shares include the history and prospects of the Company, the stage of development of our business, our business plans for the
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future and the extent to which they have been implemented, an assessment of our management, general conditions of the securities markets at the time of the offering and such other factors as were deemed relevant.

We expect that the sale of the Securities will be completed on or about December 9, 2019. We estimate the total expenses of this offering which will be payable by us will be approximately $150,000.
 
THE WARRANTS

General

Subject to the restrictions described below, the Warrants will be initially exercisable for up to 15,459,016 shares of our Common Stock at an initial exercise price of $3.05 per share (the “Exercise Price”), subject to adjustment as set forth in the Warrant. The number of shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants and the Exercise Price will be adjusted upon the split or combination of the Common Stock and certain similar events.


Exercise

The Warrants may not be exercised prior to there having been a redemption (in whole or in part) of the Note by the Company as provided in “Description of the Note—Redemption at the Option of the Company”. The Warrant shall be exercisable for a number of shares of Common Stock (the “Warrant Amount”) equal to (a) one hundred fifteen percent (115%) of the total principal amount of the Note redeemed at such time (each such time a “Company Note Redemption Time”) as provided in “Description of the Note—Redemption at the Option of the Company”; divided by (b) the Conversion Price (as defined in the Note) as of such Company Note Redemption Time; provided, however, that in the event that there are one or more partial redemptions of the Note, the Warrant Amount shall be sum of the number of shares resulting from the performance of the calculation described herein for each such partial redemption., a redemption of the Note as described in ““Description of the Note—Mandatory Redemption or Conversion” shall not be deemed to be a Company Note Redemption Time and the Warrant Amount shall not be increased as a result of any such redemption.

The Warrants will be exercisable for a period of 90 days after the date upon which they become exercisable.

Exercise Price

The exercise price per share of Common Stock will be equal to the greater of (i) the Conversion Price of the Note on the day the Warrants become exercisable and (ii) the highest daily VWAP of the Common Stock occurring during the 30 consecutive days ending on the day before the Warrants become exercisable. If the Warrants become exercisable on more than one day as a result of partial redemption of the Note by the Company, the exercise price will be set separately for the Warrants becoming exercisable on each such day.

Cashless Exercise

The Warrants permit cashless exercise at all times. The number of Warrants surrendered to effect such cashless exercise will based on the market price of the Common Stock at the time of exercise.

The exercise price per share of Common Stock will be equal to the greater of (i) the Conversion Price of the Note on the day the Warrants become exercisable and (ii) the highest daily VWAP of the Common Stock occurring during the 30 consecutive days ending on the day before the Warrants become exercisable. If the Warrants become exercisable on more than one day as a result of partial redemption of the Note by the Company, the exercise price will be set separately for the Warrants becoming exercisable on each such day.

Limitation on Beneficial Ownership

The Warrants may not be exercised to the extent they cause the holder of the Warrants to become “beneficial owner” of more than 4.9% of our Common Stock for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The Beneficial Ownership limitation may be increased at the discretion of the holder of the Warrants to any percentage less than or equal to 9.9% of our Common Stock.


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DESCRIPTION OF THE NOTE

Set forth below is a description of the specific terms of the Senior Secured Convertible Note (the “Note”). This description supplements, and should be read together with, the description of the general terms and provisions of the Senior Debt Securities set forth in the accompanying prospectus under the captions “Description of Debt Securities” and “Additional Terms of the Senior Debt Securities” and, to the extent it is inconsistent with the accompanying prospectus, replaces the description in the prospectus. The following description is not complete in every detail and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the form of Senior Secured Convertible Note which has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement which this prospectus supplement is a part.

General

The Note will be the senior obligation of the Company. The Note will be limited in aggregate principal amount to $41,000,000.

The entire principal amount of the Note will mature and become due and payable, together with any accrued and unpaid interest, on November 1, 2022, unless earlier redeemed, repurchased or converted. The Note is not subject to any sinking fund provision.

Ranking

The Note will be effectually senior to all unsecured indebtedness of the Company to the extent of the collateral securing the Note, as well as senior to any subordinated indebtedness. Aside from the forgoing, the Note will rank pari passu with all other senior indebtedness of the Company. Under certain circumstances, the holder of the Note may be required to release its lien on our collateral securing the obligations under the Note to permit the Company to consummate certain financings. See “Security” below.

Selling Price and Repayment Price
We are selling the Note at an issue of 95.0% of its principal amount, and when we repay the principal of the Note for any reason, we will be required to pay 112% of the principal amount repaid (the “Repayment Price”), plus any accrued interest and applicable premiums.

Security

Our obligations under the Note will be secured by a first priority lien on substantially all our assets, other than certain assets the holder has agreed to exclude from the collateral (the “Collateral”). In the event the Company completes a “Qualified Debt Financing” (as defined below), the liens securing our obligations under the Notes will be subordinated to any liens securing our obligation under the Qualified Debt Financing.

Interest

The Note will bear interest at the rate of 4.50% per year from the date of original issuance. In the event an “Event of Default” (as defined below) has occurred and remains uncured, the Note will bear default interest at the rate of 18.00% per year.

Interest is payable quarterly in arrears, beginning February 1, 2020, calculated on the basis of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months.

We may, in our discretion, make payments of interest due in shares of “Common Stock” (as defined below), subject to the satisfaction of the “Equity Conditions” (as defined below). If we make any interest payment in shares, we will be required to deliver a number of shares equal to (i) the amount of such interest payment divided by (ii) the “Market Stock Payment Price” (as defined below).

Redemption

Redemption at the Option of the Holder

Beginning on March 1, 2020, the holder of the Note may require us to redeem up to $1.68 million principal amount of the Note (the “Maximum Monthly Redemption Amount”) on the first calendar day of each month (each, an “Early Redemption Date”).

To the extent the holder of the Note does not require redemption of the full Maximum Monthly Redemption Amount on any Early Redemption Date, the holder may require us to redeem such unredeemed principal amount on a subsequent Early Redemption Date. For up to three times during the life of the Note, subject to certain conditions, we may require the holder of
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the Note to defer up to $1.68 million of a Redemption Payment to the earlier of (a) a subsequent Early Redemption Date not later than three months after the Early Redemption Date for such deferral and (b) the Maturity Date, provided that a minimum of $6.72 million principal amount of the Note must be redeemed by July 1, 2020 (unless deferred by the holder). We can elect to pay any Redemption Payment in cash or, subject to the Equity Conditions, in shares of Common Stock, or a combination thereof. The number of shares issued for such Redemption Payment will be calculated using the Market Stock Payment Price.

Redemption at the Option of the Company

We may redeem all (or any portion in excess of $5,000,000) of the Note at any time for the greater of (a) 115% of the conversion value, calculated based on the highest VWAP during the window beginning 30 days prior to such redemption and ending the day prior to the redemption date, or (b) 100% of the Repayment Price, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest. Any redemption amount above the Repayment Price can, subject to the Equity Conditions, be paid in shares calculated using the Market Stock Payment Price.

Repurchase of the Note upon a Fundamental Change

The holder of the Note will have the right to require us to repurchase the Note at (a) 110% of the Repayment Price or (b) if the Equity Conditions are not met, 115% of the conversion value, calculated based on the highest VWAP during the period beginning 30 days prior to the effective date of such Fundamental Change, in each case plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any of the following occur:

•any person or group (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act), other than us or our wholly owned subsidiaries, files any report with the SEC indicating that such person or group has become the direct or indirect beneficial owner of the majority of our Common Stock;
•the consummation of any sale, lease or other transfer of all or substantially all of our assets, or any transfer or transaction which results in effectively the same;
•the approval by our stockholders of a plan or proposal to liquidate or dissolve us; or
•our Common Stock ceases to be listed on an “Eligible Exchange” (as defined below).

At the holder's sole discretion, the holder my require us to redeem the Note in lieu of repurchase in exchange for shares of our Common Stock valued at the Market Price.

Conversion Rights

General

At any time prior to the close of business on the second trading day before the Maturity Date, the holder may convert the Note in whole or in partial amount of at least $1,000. The conversion rate will initially be 328.1378 shares of Common Stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Note (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $3.05 per share of Common Stock). We have agreed with the holder to convert at least $2,500,000 of principal amount on or prior to February 1, 2020 and at least $5,000,000 of the principal amount on or prior to April 1, 2020, which conversions do not count toward the early redemption amounts. The conversion rate with respect to the notes and the conversion price for notes in effect at any given time are referred to as the “applicable conversion rate” and the “applicable conversion price”, respectively, and will be subject to adjustment as described below. The applicable conversion price at any given time will be computed by dividing $1,000 by the applicable conversion rate at such time.

Mandatory Redemption or Conversion

If at least two million five hundred thousand dollars ($2,500,000) of the principal amount of the Note has not been converted on or prior to February 1, 2020, then the Company shall redeem on such date the portion of such amount not so converted. Additionally, if at least five million dollars ($5,000,000) (less all amounts converted or redeemed on or prior to February 1, 2020 pursuant to the prior sentence) of the principal amount of the Note has not been converted during the period beginning on February 2, 2020 and ending on April 1, 2020, then the Company shall redeem on such date the portion of such amount not so converted.

Forced Conversion

If (1) the “Daily VWAP” (as defined below) per share of Common Stock exceeds 150% of the conversion price on each of 15 consecutive trading days beginning after the day on which we issue the Notes; and (2) the Equity Conditions are satisfied on each of such 15 consecutive trading days (together the “Forced Conversion Conditions”), then we may elect to convert the entire Principal Amount of the Note into Common Stock; provided that we will not be permitted to complete such
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conversion if the Forced Conversion Conditions cease to be satisfied on any trading day between the time we notify the holder of the forced conversion and the time we consummate the conversion.

Conversion Rate Adjustments

The applicable conversion rate, as provided in the Note, is subject to adjustment as a result of the following events:

•issuance of a Common Stock dividend;
•splitting or combining of shares of Common Stock;
•issuance of rights options or warrants, entitling the holder, for a period of not more than 60 days, to purchase shares of Common Stock at a price less than the average of the closing shares price per share of Common Stock for the 10 trading days ending on the trading day before such distribution is announced
•distribution of capital stock, evidence of indebtedness or other assets or property of ours, or other rights, options or warrants to acquire capital stock or other securities of ours;
•distribution of capital stock as the result of the spinning off of a Subsidiary (as defined below) or affiliate;
•distribution of cash dividends; or
•payment in respect of a tender or exchange offer for shares of Common Stock;
The conversion consideration, as provided in the Note, is also subject to adjustment as a result of the following events:

•certain recapitalizations or reclassifications of Common Stock;
•certain consolidations, mergers, combinations or binding or statutory share exchanges involving us; or
•sale, lease or other transfer of all or substantially all of our assets.

Limitations on Conversion
No party may convert all or a portion of the Note if either (i) as a result of the conversion, the holder and its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% of the shares of our Common Stock; or (ii) prior to our stockholders approving of the issuance of the shares issuable pursuant to the Note, the shares of Common Stock issued as a result of the conversion would equal 20% of the shares of Common Stock then outstanding. However, upon proper notice to us, the holder may increase the limit of beneficially owned shares of our Common Stock from 4.99% to any amount up 9.99% of the shares of our Common Stock.

Certain Covenants

Limitation on Indebtedness

The Note requires that we do not and do not permit any of the subsidiaries identified in the Note (the “Subsidiaries”) to:

•create, incur, assume, guarantee or be or remain liable with respect to any indebtedness, other than “Permitted Indebtedness” (as defined below);
•prepay any indebtedness except by converting the indebtedness into equity or refinancing the entire amount of the indebtedness on terms permitted by the Note; or
•amend the terms of any debt owed in such a way as to shorten the maturity date or impose additional burdens on us.

Permitted Indebtedness includes:

•indebtedness under the Note;
•certain indebtedness existing on the date the Note is issued;
•indebtedness of up to $5,000,000 outstanding at any time secured by a “Permitted Lien” (as defined below), provided such indebtedness does not exceed the cost of the equipment and related expenses financed with such indebtedness;
•indebtedness to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business, including indebtedness incurred in the ordinary course of business with corporate credit cards;
•indebtedness that also constitutes a “Permitted Investment” (as defined below);
•our subordinated indebtedness, but not subordinated indebtedness of our subsidiaries;
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•reimbursement obligations in connection with letters of credit or similar instruments that are secured by cash or cash equivalents and issued on behalf of us or our subsidiaries in an aggregate amount not to exceed $500,000 at any time then outstanding;
•our other unsecured indebtedness, so long as such indebtedness does not have a final maturity date, amortization payment, sinking fund, mandatory redemption or other repurchase obligation or put right at the option of the lender or holder of such indebtedness earlier than one hundred eighty-one days following the maturity date of the Note, or any other material terms more favorable to the holder of such indebtedness than the Note, including applicable interest rates;
•indebtedness in respect of a Qualified Debt Financing in aggregate amount not to exceed $100,000,000;
•contingent obligations that are guarantees of Permitted Indebtedness; and
•extensions, refinancings and renewals of any items of the items above (other than any indebtedness repaid with the proceeds of the Note), provided that the principal amount is not increased or the terms modified to impose materially more burdensome terms upon us or our subsidiaries, as the case may be, and provided further, that if the lender of any such proposed extension, refinancing or renewal of Permitted Indebtedness incurred hereunder is different from the lender of the Permitted Indebtedness to be so extended, refinanced or renewed then, in addition to the foregoing proviso, such Permitted Indebtedness shall also not have a final maturity date, amortization payment, sinking fund, mandatory redemption or other repurchase obligation earlier than one hundred eighty-one days following the maturity date of the Note.

Limitation on Liens

The Note requires that we will not, and will not permit the Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly, create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any lien of any kind on any asset now owned or hereafter acquired, other than the following “Permitted Liens”:

•liens in favor of holder of the Note;
•certain liens existing on the date the Note is issued;
•liens for taxes, fees, assessments or other governmental charges or levies, either not delinquent or being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings; provided, that we maintain adequate reserves therefor in accordance with GAAP;
•liens securing claims or demands of materialmen, artisans, mechanics, carriers, warehousemen, landlords and other similar persons arising in the ordinary course of business; provided, that the payment thereof is not yet required;
•liens arising from judgments, decrees or attachments in circumstances which do not constitute a default under the Purchase Agreement;
•the following deposits, to the extent made in the ordinary course of business: (i) deposits under workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance, social security and other similar laws, or (ii) to secure the performance of bids, tenders or contracts (other than for the repayment of borrowed money) or to secure indemnity, performance or other similar bonds for the performance of bids, tenders or contracts (other than for the repayment of borrowed money) or (iii) to secure statutory obligations (other than liens arising under ERISA or environmental liens) or surety or appeal bonds, or to secure indemnity, performance or other similar bonds;
•liens on equipment or software or other intellectual property constituting purchase money liens and liens in connection with capital leases securing indebtedness up to $5,000,000;
•leasehold interests in leases or subleases and licenses granted in the ordinary course of our business and not interfering in any material respect with the business of the licensor;
•liens in favor of customs and revenue authorities arising as a matter of law to secure payment of custom duties that are promptly paid on or before the date they become due; liens on insurance proceeds securing the payment of financed insurance premiums that are promptly paid on or before the date they become due (provided that such liens extend only to such insurance proceeds and not to any other property or assets);
•statutory and common law rights of set-off and other similar rights as to deposits of cash and securities in favor of banks, other depository institutions and brokerage firms;
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•easements, zoning restrictions, rights-of-way and similar encumbrances on real property imposed by law or arising in the ordinary course of business, so long as they do not materially impair the value or marketability of the related property;
•liens on cash or cash equivalents securing obligations to trade creditors for reimbursement of obligations in connection with letters of credit;
•liens securing obligations under a Qualified Debt Financing; and
•liens incurred in connection with the extension, renewal or refinancing of the indebtedness secured by liens of the type described above; provided, that any extension, renewal or replacement lien will be limited to the property encumbered by the existing lien and the principal amount of the indebtedness being extended, renewed or refinanced (as may have been reduced by any payment thereon) does not increase.

Limitation on Investments

The Note requires that we do not directly or indirectly acquire or own, or make any investment in or to any Person (as defined in the Note), or permit any of our Subsidiaries to do so, other than the following permitted investments (each a “Permitted Investment” and collectively, the “Permitted Investments”):

•certain investments existing on the date the Note is issued;
•investments which take the form of: marketable direct obligations issued or unconditionally guaranteed by the United States of America or any agency or any State thereof maturing within one year from the date of acquisition thereof, commercial paper maturing no more than one year from the date of creation thereof and currently having a rating of at least A-2 or P-2 from either Standard & Poor’s Corporation or Moody’s Investors Service, certificates of deposit issued by any bank with assets of at least $500,000,000 maturing no more than one year from the date of investment therein, and money market accounts;
•investments accepted in connection with “Permitted Transfers” (as defined below);
•investments (including debt obligations) received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of customers or suppliers and in settlement of delinquent obligations of, and other disputes with, customers or suppliers arising in the ordinary course of our business;
•investments consisting of notes receivable of, or prepaid royalties and other credit extensions, to customers and suppliers in the ordinary course of business and consistent with past practice, provided that this subparagraph shall not apply to investments by us in any Subsidiary;
•investments consisting of loans not involving the net transfer on a substantially contemporaneous basis of cash proceeds to employees, officers or directors relating to the purchase of our capital stock pursuant to employee stock purchase plans or other similar agreements approved by our board of directors; investments consisting of travel advances in the ordinary course of business; or investments in wholly-owned Subsidiaries;
•Permitted Intellectual Property Licenses (as defined below); and
•additional investments that do not exceed $50,000 in the aggregate in any twelve-month period.
•
Limitation on Distributions

The Note requires that we do not, and do not permit any Subsidiary to:

•repurchase or redeem any class of stock other than pursuant to employee, director or consultant repurchase plan, provided, however, that such repurchase or redemption price does not exceed the original consideration paid;
•declare or pay any cash dividend or make a cash distribution on any class of stock or other equity interest, except that a subsidiary may pay dividends or make distributions to us or to our direct or wholly owned subsidiaries, or
•lend money to any employees, officers or directors, or guarantee the payment of any such loans granted by a third party in excess of $50,000.

Limitation on Transfers

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The Note requires that we do not, and do not permit the Subsidiaries to, transfer, sell, lease, lend or in any other manner convey any equitable, beneficial or legal interest in any material portion of its assets, other than Permitted Transfers and Permitted Investments.

“Permitted Transfers” include:

•dispositions of inventory sold, and certain permitted intellectual property licenses, in each case, in the ordinary course of business,
•dispositions of worn-out, obsolete or surplus property at fair market value in the ordinary course of business;
•dispositions of accounts or payment intangibles (each as defined in the New York Uniform Commercial Code) resulting from the compromise or settlement thereof in the ordinary course of business for less than the full amount thereof;
•transfers consisting of certain Permitted Investments in our wholly-owned Subsidiaries; and
•other transfers of assets to any Person other than to a joint venture and which have a fair market value of not more than fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) in the aggregate in any fiscal year.

Limitation on Transaction with Affiliates

The Note requires that we do not enter into, renew, extend, or be a party to, any transaction or series of related transactions with any affiliate, unless the transaction or transactions are for fair consideration and on terms no less favorable than would be obtainable in a comparable arm’s length transaction.

Minimum Liquidity

We are required to maintain at all times liquidity calculated as unrestricted, unencumbered cash and cash equivalents in one or more deposit accounts located in the United States and subject to control agreements in favor of the collateral agent in a minimum amount of $8,000,000.

Other Covenants

We are required to:

•hire and cooperate with an independent investigator to investigate potential breaches of the terms of the Note in connection with default and Event of Default under the Note;
•maintain our corporate existence and the rights and licenses required to do our business;
•not engage in any material line of business substantially different from those lines of business conducted by or publically contemplated to be conducted by the Company as of the issue date;
•maintain and preserve all of our properties, which are necessary or useful in the proper conduct of our business, in good working order and condition;
•take all action necessary and advisable to maintain our intellectual property rights; and
•maintain insurance with responsible and reputable insurance companies or associations with respect to our properties and business in such amounts covering such risks as is required by any governmental agency having jurisdiction over us.

Default

The holder of the Note may, after the occurrence of an Event of Default, after the passage of the periods of time described below and after giving appropriate notice to us, accelerate the amounts then owing under the Note at the Event of Default Acceleration Amount as set forth in the Note. We will also in certain circumstances in accordance with the Note, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time in connection with an Event of Default. An “Event of Default” means the occurrence of any of the following:

•a default in the payment when due of any principal, repurchase or redemption amount due under the Note;
•a default for 2 business days in the payment when due of interest on the Note;
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•a default in our obligation to convert the Note upon the exercise of the conversion right with respect thereto or upon Forced Conversion;
•a default in our obligation to deliver a notice of a Fundamental Change, and such default continues for 3 business days;
•a materially false or inaccurate certification (including a false or inaccurate deemed certification) by us (A) that the Equity Conditions are satisfied, (B) that there has been no failure of the Equity Conditions, or (C) as to whether any Event of Default has occurred;
•certain defaults in the performance of any of our obligations or agreements under the Note or other transaction documents, or a breach of any representation or warranty in any material respect (other than representations or warranties subject to material adverse effect or materiality, which may not be breached in any respect) of the Purchase Agreement; provided, however, that if such default or breach can be cured, then such default or breach will not be an Event of Default unless we have failed to cure such default within 10 days after its occurrence;
•any provision of any Transaction Document (as defined in the Note) at any time for any reason (other than pursuant to the express terms thereof) ceases to be valid and binding on or enforceable against the parties thereto, or the validity or enforceability thereof is contested, directly or indirectly, by us or any of our Subsidiaries, or a proceeding is commenced by us or any of our Subsidiaries or any governmental authority having jurisdiction over any of them, seeking to establish the invalidity or unenforceability thereof;
•a breach of any representation or warranty in any material respect (other than representations or warranties subject to material adverse effect or materiality, which may not be breached in any respect) of any Transaction Document, except, in the case of a breach of a covenant or other term or condition that is curable, only if such breach remains uncured for a period of 5 consecutive Trading Days (as definted in the Note);
•at any time, the Note or any shares of Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Note are not freely tradable;
•we fail to use best efforts to obtain the requisite stockholder approval, required under Nasdaq Listing Standard Rule 5635(d), prior to March 1, 2020;
•we fail to comply with the minimum liquidity covenant set forth above;
•the suspension from trading or failure of Common Stock to be trading or listed on an Eligible Exchange for a period of 10 consecutive Trading Days;
•any breach or default by us under any Transaction Document, except, in the case of a breach of a covenant or other term or condition that is curable, only if such breach remains uncured for a period of 10 consecutive days;
•a default by us or the Subsidiaries with respect to any one or more mortgages, agreements or other instruments under which there is outstanding, or by which there is secured or evidenced, any indebtedness for money borrowed of at least $250,000 (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate of us or any of our Subsidiaries, whether such indebtedness exists as of the Issue Date or is thereafter created, and whether such default has been waived for any period of time or is subsequently cured, except for capital leases;
•one or more final judgments, orders or awards (or any settlement of any litigation or other proceeding that, if breached, could result in a judgment, order or award) for the payment of at least $250,000 (or its foreign currency equivalent) in the aggregate (excluding any amounts covered by insurance pursuant to which the insurer has been notified and has not denied coverage), is rendered against us or the Subsidiaries and remains unsatisfied and (i) enforcement proceedings shall have been commenced by any creditor upon any such judgment, order, award or settlement or (ii) there shall be a period of 10 consecutive Trading Days after entry thereof during which (A) a stay of enforcement thereof is not in effect or (B) the same is not vacated, discharged, stayed or bonded pending appeal;
•we fail to timely file our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or its annual reports on Form 10-K with the Commission in the manner and within the time periods required by the Exchange Act, or we withdraw or restate any such quarterly report or annual report previously filed with the Commission;
•any Security Document (as defined in the Note) shall for any reason fail or cease to create a separate valid and perfected and, except to the extent permitted by the terms hereof or thereof, first priority Lien (as defined in the Note) on the Collateral in favor of the Collateral Agent (as defined in the Note) or any material provision of any Security Document shall at any time for any reason cease to be valid and binding on or enforceable against us or the validity or enforceability thereof shall be contested by any party thereto, or a proceeding shall be commenced by us or any governmental authority having jurisdiction over us, seeking to establish the invalidity or unenforceability thereof;
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•any material damage to, or loss, theft or destruction of, any Collateral, whether or not insured, or any strike, lockout, labor dispute, embargo, condemnation, act of God or public enemy, or other casualty which causes, for more than 15 consecutive days, the cessation or substantial curtailment of revenue producing activities at any facility of the Company or any Subsidiary, if any such event or circumstance could have a Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Purchase Agreement);
•we fail to remove any restrictive legend on any certificate or any shares of Common Stock issued to the holder upon conversion or exercise (as the case may be) of any Securities (as defined in the Purchase Agreement) acquired by the holder under the Purchase Agreement (including the Note) as and when required by such Securities or the Purchase Agreement, unless otherwise then prohibited by applicable federal securities laws, and any such failure remains uncured for at least 5 trading days;
•we or any of our significant Subsidiaries, pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law, either:

(1)commences a voluntary case or proceeding;
(2)consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case or proceeding;
(3)consents to the appointment of a custodian of it or for any substantial part of its property;
(4)makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors;
(5)takes any comparable action under any foreign Bankruptcy Law; or
(6)generally is not paying its debts as they become due; or

•a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order or decree under any Bankruptcy Law that either:

(1)is for relief against us or any of our Significant Subsidiaries in an involuntary case or proceeding;
(2)appoints a custodian for us or any of the significant Subsidiaries, or for any substantial part of the property of us or any of our Significant Subsidiaries;
(3)orders the winding up or liquidation of us or any of our Significant Subsidiaries; or
(4)grants any similar relief under any foreign Bankruptcy Law,

and, such order or decree remains unstated and in effect for at least 30 days.

Certain Definitions
For purposes of this Description of the Note, the following terms shall be defined as follows:

“Common Stock” means our common stock, $0.001 par value per share;

“Daily VWAP” means for any trading day, the per share volume-weighted average price of the Common Stock as displayed under the heading “Bloomberg VWAP” on Bloomberg page “WKHS <EQUITY> VAP” (or, if such page is not available, its equivalent successor page) in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such trading day (or, if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one share of Common Stock on such trading day, determined, using a volume-weighted average price method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm selected by the Company). Daily VWAP will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading outside of the regular trading session.

“Eligible Exchanges” means any of The New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The Nasdaq Global Select Market (or any of their respective successors).

“Equity Conditions” will be deemed to be satisfied on any date when on such date and on the previous 20 trading days, (i) shares issuable upon conversion of the Note are freely tradable; (ii) the holder is not in possession of any material non-public information provided by or on behalf of us; (iii) there is no Limitation on Conversion; (iv) there are sufficient reserve shares; (v) no public announcement of a fundamental change has occurred that has not been abandoned, terminated, or consummated; (vi) the Daily VWAP per share of Common Stock is not less than $1.50 (subject to adjustment); (vii) daily reported trading volume is not less than $600,000; and (viii) no Event of Default has occurred nor is continuing.

“Market Stock Payment Price” means an amount equal ninety percent (90%) of the lesser of (i) the Daily VWAP per share of Common Stock on the trading date immediately prior to such payment or redemption date, as applicable, and (ii) the average of the Daily VWAPs per share of Common Stock of the lowest 2 trading days during the five day trading period ending on, (x) with respect to an interest payment, fundamental change, or company redemption, the trading day immediately prior to the relevant payment or redemption date, as applicable, (y) with respect to an early redemption stock payment date, such redemption date;

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“Permitted Intellectual Property Licenses”; means intellectual property (i) licenses in existence at the issue date, including those listed on the schedules to the Security Agreement and (ii) non-perpetual licenses granted in the ordinary course of business on arm’s length terms consisting of the licensing, development or support of technology, so long as not entered into during the continuance of an Event of Default; and

“Qualified Debt Financing” means any non-convertible debt (or similar instruments) resulting in net proceeds to us of no less than $40,000,000 with (i) an annual interest no greater than LIBOR plus 8.00%, (ii) no redemption provisions prior to the maturity date of the Note, (iii) no original issue discount, (iv) no make-whole interest or payments and (v) the purpose of which is to fund working capital for truck production.

MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS OF THE NOTE

This section is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the purchase, ownership, disposition and conversion of the Note and the ownership and disposition of the common stock into which the Note may be converted. This summary does not provide a complete analysis of all potential U.S. federal income tax considerations. The information provided below is based on existing U.S. federal income tax authorities, all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations, possibly with retroactive effect. There can be no assurances that the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) will not challenge one or more of the tax consequences described herein, and we have not obtained, nor do we intend to obtain, a ruling from the IRS with respect to the U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning, disposing of or converting the Note or owning or disposing of the common stock into which the Note may be converted. The summary generally applies only to beneficial owners of the Note or common stock that purchase Note in this offering for an amount equal to the issue price of the Note, which is the first price at which a substantial amount of the Note is sold for money to investors (not including sales to bond houses, brokers or similar persons or organizations acting in the capacity of underwriters, placement agents or wholesalers), and that hold the Note or common stock as “capital assets” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) (generally, property held for investment). This discussion does not purport to deal with all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be relevant to a particular beneficial owner in light of the beneficial owner’s circumstances (for example, persons subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code, or a U.S. holder (as defined below) whose “functional currency” is not the U.S. dollar). Also, it is not intended to be wholly applicable to all categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special rules (such as partnerships and pass-through entities and investors in such entities, dealers in securities or currencies, traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting, banks, thrifts, regulated investment companies, real estate investment trusts, insurance companies, tax-exempt entities, tax-deferred or other retirement accounts, certain former citizens or residents of the United States, persons holding the Note or common stock as part of a hedging, conversion or integrated transaction or a straddle, persons that own, or are deemed to own, more than 5% of our common stock, persons deemed to sell the Note or common stock under the constructive sale provisions of the Code, or persons required under Section 451(b) of the Code to conform the timing of income accruals with respect to the Note or common stock to their financial statements). Finally, the summary does not address the potential application of the Medicare contribution tax on net investment income, the effects of the U.S. federal estate and gift tax laws or any applicable non-U.S., state or local laws.

INVESTORS CONSIDERING THE PURCHASE OF THE NOTE SHOULD CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS REGARDING THE APPLICATION OF THE U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS TO THEIR PARTICULAR SITUATIONS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF U.S. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAX LAWS, NON-U.S., STATE AND LOCAL LAWS, AND TAX TREATIES.

As used herein, the term “U.S. holder” means a beneficial owner of the Note or the common stock into which the Note may be converted that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes is (1) an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States, (2) a corporation, or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state of the United States, or the District of Columbia, (3) an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source, or (4) a trust if it (x) is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (y) has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.

If a partnership (including an entity or arrangement, domestic or foreign, treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes) is a beneficial owner of a note or common stock acquired upon conversion of a note, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A beneficial owner of a note or common stock acquired upon conversion of a note that is a partnership, and partners in such partnership, should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning, disposing of, or converting such note and owning and disposing of the common stock into which the note may be converted.


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Taxation of Interest

U.S. holders will be required to recognize as ordinary income any stated interest paid or accrued on the Note, in accordance with their regular method of tax accounting.

In general, if the terms of a debt instrument entitle a holder to receive payments (other than certain fixed periodic interest payments) that exceed the issue price of the instrument by more than a de minimis amount, the holder will be required to include such excess in income as “original issue discount” over the term of the instrument on a constant yield to maturity basis, irrespective of the holder’s regular method of tax accounting. We believe, and the rest of this discussion assumes, that the Note will not be issued with original issue discount for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Additional Interest

We may be required to make payments of additional interest to holders of the Note. We believe that there is only a remote possibility that we would be required to pay additional interest, or that if such additional interest were required to be paid, it would be an incidental amount, and therefore we intend to take the position that this possible payment of additional interest will not subject the Note to the special rules governing certain contingent payment debt instruments (which, if applicable, would affect the timing, amount and character of income with respect to the Note). Our determination in this regard, while not binding on the IRS, is binding on U.S. holders unless they disclose their contrary position in the manner required by applicable Treasury regulations. The remainder of this discussion assumes that the Note are not treated as contingent payment debt instruments. If, contrary to our expectations, we pay additional interest, although it is not free from doubt, such additional interest should be taxable to a U.S. holder as ordinary interest income at the time it accrues or is paid in accordance with the U.S. holder’s regular method of tax accounting. In the event we pay additional interest on the Note, U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the treatment of such amounts.

Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Note

A U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss if the holder disposes of a note in a sale, exchange, redemption or other taxable disposition (other than conversion of a note into shares of our common stock or into a combination of cash and shares of our common stock, the U.S. federal income tax consequences of which are described under “—U.S. Holders—Conversion of Note” below). The U.S. holder’s gain or loss will equal the difference between the amount realized by the holder (other than amounts attributable to accrued but unpaid interest) and the holder’s tax basis in the note. The amount realized by the U.S. holder will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any other property received for the note. The U.S. holder’s tax basis in the note generally will equal the amount the holder paid for the note. The portion of any amount realized that is attributable to accrued interest will not be taken into account in computing the U.S. holder’s capital gain or loss. Instead, that portion will be taxed as ordinary interest income as described above to the extent that the U.S. holder has not previously included the accrued interest in income. The gain or loss recognized by the U.S. holder on the disposition of the note generally will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder held the note for more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the holder held the note for one year or less, at the time of the transaction. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate taxpayers generally are taxed at reduced rates. Short-term capital gains are taxed at ordinary income rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

Exchange in Lieu of Conversion

If a U.S. holder surrenders Note for conversion, we direct the Note to be offered to a financial institution for exchange in lieu of conversion, and the designated financial institution accepts the Note and delivers cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock for the Note, the holder will be taxed on the exchange as a sale or exchange of the Note, as described above under “U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Note.” In such case, a U.S. holder’s tax basis in any shares of our common stock received will equal the fair market value of the stock on the date of the exchange, and the holder’s holding period in the shares of our common stock received will begin the day after the date of the exchange.

Conversion of Note

Upon conversion of a note solely into cash, a U.S. holder generally will be subject to the rules described under “—U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Note” above, subject to the discussion under “—U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions” below regarding the possibility that certain adjustments to the conversion rate of a note may be treated as a taxable dividend.

A U.S. holder generally will not recognize any income, gain or loss on the conversion of a note solely into shares of our common stock, except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share of common stock and the fair market value of any common stock attributable to accrued and unpaid interest, subject to the discussion under “U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions” below regarding the possibility that certain adjustments to the conversion rate of a note may be treated as a taxable dividend. The U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis in the common stock (including any fractional share for which cash is
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paid, but excluding shares attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) will equal the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the note. The U.S. holder’s holding period in the common stock (other than shares attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) will include the holding period in the note.

The tax consequences of the conversion of a note into a combination of cash and shares of our common stock are not entirely clear. If the note constitutes a “security” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a U.S. holder may be treated as exchanging the note for our common stock and cash in a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The term “security” is not defined in the Code or in the Treasury regulations, and has not been clearly defined by judicial decisions. An instrument is a “security” for these purposes if, based on all the facts and circumstances, the instrument constitutes a meaningful investment in the issuer of the instrument. Although there are a number of factors that may affect the determination of whether a debt instrument is a “security,” one of the most important factors is the original term of the instrument, or the length of time between the issuance of the instrument and its maturity. In general, instruments with an original term of more than ten years are likely to be treated as “securities,” and instruments with an original term of less than five years may not be treated as “securities.” In addition, the convertibility of a debt instrument into stock of the issuer may weigh in favor of “security” treatment because of the possible equity participation in the issuer. We intend to take the position that the Note are “securities” for U.S. federal income tax purposes, although there can be no assurance in this regard.

If the note is a security and the conversion is treated as a recapitalization for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the U.S. holder would not be permitted to recognize loss, but would be required to recognize gain, if any. The amount of gain recognized by a U.S. holder would equal the lesser of (i) the excess (if any) of (A) the amount of cash received (excluding any cash received in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock and any cash received attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) plus the fair market value of our common stock received (treating a fractional share of our common stock as issued and received for this purpose and excluding any such common stock that is attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) upon conversion over (B) the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the converted note, and (ii) the amount of cash received upon conversion (other than any cash received in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock and any cash received attributable to accrued and unpaid interest). Subject to the discussion under “—U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions” below regarding the possibility that certain adjustments to the conversion rate of a note may be treated as a taxable dividend, the gain recognized by a U.S. holder upon conversion of a note generally will be long-term capital gain if the holder held the note for more than one year, or short-term capital gain if the holder held the note for one year or less, at the time of the conversion. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate taxpayers generally are taxed at reduced rates. Short-term capital gains are taxed at ordinary income rates. The U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock received (including any fractional share for which cash is paid, but excluding shares attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) generally would equal the tax basis of the converted note, decreased by the amount of cash received (other than cash in lieu of a fractional share of common stock and any cash attributable to accrued and unpaid interest), and increased by the amount of gain (if any) recognized upon conversion (other than any gain recognized as a result of cash received in lieu of a fractional share of common stock). The U.S. holder’s holding period in the common stock (other than shares attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) would include the holding period in the converted note.

Alternatively, the conversion of a note into a combination of cash and shares of our common stock may be treated as in part a payment in redemption for cash of a portion of the note and in part a conversion of a portion of the note into common stock. In such case, a U.S. holder’s aggregate tax basis in the note should be allocated between the portion of the note treated as redeemed and the portion of the note treated as converted into common stock on a pro rata basis (based on fair market value). The U.S. holder generally would recognize capital gain or loss with respect to the portion of the note treated as redeemed equal to the difference between the amount of cash received by the U.S. holder (other than amounts attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) and the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the portion of the note treated as redeemed, subject to the discussion under “—U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions” below regarding the possibility that certain adjustments to the conversion rate of a note may be treated as a taxable dividend. See “—U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Note” above. With respect to the portion of the note treated as converted, a U.S. holder generally would not recognize any gain or loss (except with respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share of common stock and common stock received attributable to accrued and unpaid interest), subject to the discussion under “—U.S. Holders—Constructive Distributions” below regarding the possibility that certain adjustments to the conversion rate of a note may be treated as a taxable dividend. The tax basis allocated to the portion of the note treated as converted into common stock would be the U.S. holder’s tax basis in the common stock received (including any fractional share for which cash is paid, but excluding shares attributable to accrued and unpaid interest). The U.S. holder’s holding period in the common stock received (other than shares attributable to accrued and unpaid interest) would include the holding period in the converted note.

With respect to cash received in lieu of a fractional share of our common stock, a U.S. holder will be treated as if the fractional share were issued and received and then immediately redeemed for cash. Accordingly, the U.S. holder generally will recognize gain or loss equal to the difference between the cash received and that portion of the holder’s tax basis in the common stock attributable to the fractional share on a proportionate basis in accordance with its relative fair market value. Any such gain or loss generally would be capital gain or loss and would be long-term capital gain or loss if at the time of the conversion, the Note have been held for more than one year.

Any amounts received, including cash and the value of any portion of our common stock, attributable to accrued and unpaid interest on the Note not yet included in income by a U.S. holder will be taxed as ordinary income. The basis in any shares of common stock attributable to accrued and unpaid interest will equal the fair market value of such shares when
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received. The holding period in any shares of common stock attributable to accrued and unpaid interest will begin on the day after the date of conversion.

A U.S. holder that converts a note between a record date for an interest payment and the next interest payment date and consequently receives a payment of cash interest should consult its own tax advisor concerning the appropriate treatment of such payment.

If we undergo certain corporate transactions the conversion obligation may be adjusted so that holders would be entitled to convert the Note into the type of consideration that they would have been entitled to receive upon such corporate transaction had the Note been converted into our common stock immediately prior to such corporate transaction, except that such holders will not be entitled to receive additional shares unless such Note are converted in connection with a make whole fundamental change. Depending on the facts and circumstances at the time of such corporate transaction, such adjustment may result in a deemed exchange of the outstanding Note, which may be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Whether or not such an adjustment results in a deemed exchange, a conversion of a note into such consideration might be a taxable event.

U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such an adjustment upon a corporate transaction.

Distributions

If, after a U.S. holder acquires any of our common stock upon a conversion of a note, we make a distribution in respect of such common stock from our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles), the distribution generally will be treated as a dividend to the extent of such current or accumulated earnings and profits; and will be includible in a U.S. holder’s income at the time such holder is treated as receiving such distribution for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If the distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the excess will be treated first as a tax-free return of the U.S. holder’s investment, up to the U.S. holder’s tax basis in its common stock, and any remaining excess will be treated as capital gain from the sale or exchange of the common stock (as described above under “—U.S. Holders—Sale, Exchange, Redemption or Other Taxable Disposition of Note”). If the U.S. holder is a U.S. corporation, it would generally be able to claim a dividends received deduction on a portion of any distribution taxed as a dividend, provided that certain holding period and other requirements are satisfied. Subject to certain exceptions, dividends received by non-corporate U.S. holders are taxed at the reduced rates applicable to long-term capital gains, provided that certain holding period requirements are met.

Constructive Distributions

The terms of the Note allow for changes in the conversion rate of the Note under certain circumstances. A change in conversion rate that allows holders of the Note to receive more shares of common stock on conversion may increase such holders’ proportionate interests in our earnings and profits or assets. In that case, the holders of the Note may be treated as though they received a taxable distribution. A taxable constructive distribution would result, for example, if the conversion rate is adjusted to compensate holders of Note for distributions of cash or property to our stockholders. The adjustment to the conversion rate of Note converted in connection with a make whole fundamental change also may be treated as a taxable distribution. If an event occurs that dilutes the interests of stockholders or increases the interests of holders of the Note and the conversion rate of the Note is not adjusted (or not adequately adjusted), this also could be treated as a taxable constructive distribution to holders of the Note. Conversely, if an event occurs that dilutes the interests of holders of the Note and the conversion rate is not adjusted (or not adequately adjusted), the resulting increase in the proportionate interests of our stockholders could be treated as a taxable constructive distribution to the stockholders.

Not all changes in the conversion rate that result in holders of Note receiving more common stock on conversion, however, increase such holders’ proportionate interests in our earnings and profits or assets. For instance, a change in conversion rate could simply prevent the dilution of the holders’ interests upon a stock split or other change in capital structure. Changes of this type, if made pursuant to a bona fide reasonable adjustment formula, are not treated as taxable constructive stock distributions. Any taxable constructive distribution resulting from a change to, or failure to change, the conversion rate would be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes in the same manner as an actual distribution on our common stock paid in cash or other property, as described above under “—U.S. Holders—Distributions.” Generally, a U.S. holder’s adjusted tax basis in a note will be increased to the extent of any such taxable constructive distribution that is treated as a dividend. U.S. holders should consult their own tax advisors regarding whether any taxable constructive dividends would be eligible for the dividends received deduction (for corporate holders) or the reduced rates described above under “—U.S. Holders—Distributions” (for non-corporate holders), as the requisite applicable holding periods might not be considered to be satisfied.

We are currently required to report the amount of any deemed distributions on our website or to the IRS and holders of Note not exempt from reporting. On April 12, 2016, the IRS proposed regulations addressing the amount and timing of deemed distributions, obligations of withholding agents and filing and notice obligations of issuers. If adopted as proposed, the regulations would generally provide that (i) the amount of a deemed distribution is the excess of the fair market value of the right to acquire stock immediately after the conversion rate adjustment over the fair market value of the right to acquire stock
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without the adjustment, (ii) the deemed distribution occurs at the earlier of the date the adjustment occurs under the terms of the note and the date of the actual distribution of cash or property that results in the deemed distribution, and (iii) we are required to report the amount of any deemed distributions on our website or to the IRS and all holders of the Note (including holders of the Note that would otherwise be exempt from information reporting). The final regulations will be effective for deemed distributions occurring on or after the date of adoption, but holders of the Note and withholding agents may rely on the proposed regulations prior to that date under certain circumstances.

Possible Effect of a Consolidation or Merger

In certain situations, we may consolidate or merge into another entity. Depending on the circumstances, a change in the obligor of the Note as a result of the consolidation or merger could result in a deemed exchange of the outstanding Note, which may be a taxable event for U.S. federal income tax purposes. U.S. holders are urged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of such a consolidation or merger.

Sale, Exchange or Other Taxable Disposition of Common Stock

A U.S. holder generally will recognize capital gain or loss on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of common stock. The U.S. holder’s gain or loss will equal the difference between the proceeds received by the holder and the holder’s tax basis in the stock. The proceeds received by the U.S. holder will include the amount of any cash and the fair market value of any other property received for the stock. The gain or loss recognized by a U.S. holder on a sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of common stock will be long-term capital gain or loss if the holder’s holding period in the common stock is more than one year, or short-term capital gain or loss if the holder’s holding period in the common stock is one year or less, at the time of the transaction. Long-term capital gains of non-corporate taxpayers generally are taxed at reduced rates. Short-term capital gains are taxed at ordinary income rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations.

EXPERTS
 
The audited consolidated financial statements, and management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018 incorporated by reference in this prospectus and elsewhere in the registration statements have been so incorporated by reference in reliance upon the reports of Grant Thornton LLP, independent registered public accountants, upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
The consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Workhorse Group Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, have been audited by Clark, Schaefer, Hackett & Co. as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
 
The SEC permits us to “incorporate by reference” the information and reports we file with it. This means that we can disclose important information to you by referring to another document. The information that we incorporate by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement, and later information that we file with the SEC automatically updates and supersedes this information. We incorporate by reference the documents listed below, except to the extent information in those documents is different from the information contained in this prospectus supplement, and all future documents filed with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (other than the portions thereof deemed to be furnished to the SEC pursuant to Item 9 or Item 12) until we terminate the offering of these securities:

•The Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, filed with the Commission on March 18, 2019.

•The Registrant’s Amended Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A for the quarter ended June 30, 2019, filed with the Commission on November 1, 2019.

•The Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, filed with the Commission on May 7, 2019.

•The Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019, filed with the Commission on November 8, 2019.

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•The Registrant’s current reports filed on Form 8-K on March 18, 2019, April 2, 2019, April 30, 2019, May 7, 2019, May 31, 2019, June 6, 2019, August 9, 2019, August 16, 2019 and October 7, 2019, November 1, 2019, November 5, 2019, November 6, 2019, November 7, 2019, November 8, 2019 and November 12, 2019.

•The description of the Registrant’s common stock included on Form 8-A12B, which was filed on January 5, 2016, and any amendments or reports filed for the purpose of updating this description.

•The Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on Form DEF 14A, filed with the Commission on October 25, 2019.

•Any future filings with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made after the date of filing the initial registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, until the termination of the offerings under this prospectus; provided that this prospectus will not incorporate any information we may furnish to the SEC under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K.

To the extent that any statement in this prospectus supplement is inconsistent with any statement that is incorporated by reference and that was made on or before the date of this prospectus supplement, the statement in this prospectus supplement shall supersede such incorporated statement. The incorporated statement shall not be deemed, except as modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this prospectus supplement or the registration statement. Statements contained in this prospectus supplement as to the contents of any contract or other document are not necessarily complete and, in each instance, we refer you to the copy of each contract or document filed as an exhibit to our various filings made with the SEC.

Any statement contained herein or in a document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for purposes of this Registration Statement to the extent that a statement contained herein or in any other subsequently filed document that also is or is deemed to be incorporated herein by reference modifies or supersedes such earlier statement. Any statement so modified or superseded shall not be deemed, except as so modified or superseded, to constitute a part of this Registration Statement.

You may request a copy of these filings, at no cost, by writing or telephoning us at the following address or telephone number:

Workhorse Group Inc.
100 Commerce Drive
Loveland, Ohio 45140
Attn: Gregory Ackerson, Interim Chief Financial Officer and Controller
Telephone: 513-360-4704

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
 
We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the Public Reference Room. The SEC maintains an internet website at http://www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC, including Workhorse. You may also access our reports and proxy statements free of charge at our website, http://www.workhorse.com. The information contained in, or that can be accessed through, our website is not part of this prospectus supplement. The prospectus included in this filing is part of a registration statement filed by us with the SEC. The full registration statement can be obtained from the SEC, as indicated above, or from us.


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$150,000,000
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Warrants
Debt Securities
Units
and up to 1,033,717 Shares of Common Stock and
1,833,193 Shares of Common Stock
Underlying Stock Purchase Warrants held by Selling Shareholders

We may offer and sell, from time to time in one or more offerings, up to $150,000,000 in the aggregate of common stock, preferred stock, warrants to purchase our common stock, debt securities or units, at prices and on terms that we will determine at the time of the offering. Preferred stock, warrants and debt securities may also be convertible into preferred stock or common stock.

In addition, the selling shareholders may offer to sell up to up to 1,033,717 shares of common stock presently outstanding and up to 1,833,193 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Stock Purchase Warrants. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of shares of common stock by the selling shareholders.

This prospectus describes some of the general terms that may apply to these securities. Each time we or a selling shareholder sell securities, to the extent required by applicable law, we will provide a supplement to this prospectus that contains specific information about the offering and the terms of the securities being offered. The supplement may also add, update or change information contained in this prospectus.

You should carefully read this prospectus, all prospectus supplements and all other documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus before you invest in our securities.

We and the selling shareholders will offer the securities in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined by market conditions at the time of the offerings. The securities may be offered separately or together in any combination.

The securities may be offered and sold on a delayed or continuous basis directly by us and the selling shareholders or through underwriters, agents or dealers as designated from time to time, through a combination of these methods or any other method as provided in the applicable prospectus supplement. The supplements to this prospectus will designate the terms of our plan of distribution. See the discussion under the heading “Plan of Distribution” for more information on the topic.

Our common stock is listed on The NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “WKHS.”

Investing in our securities involves risks. You should carefully review the section captioned “Risk Factors” beginning on page 2 of this prospectus regarding information included and incorporated by reference in this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The date of this prospectus is December 23, 2016.












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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Risk Factors2
Forward Looking Statements2
Our Company3
Use of Proceeds4
Selling Shareholders4
Description of Capital Stock9
Description of Warrants11
Description of Debt Securities11
Description of Units13
Plan of Distribution13
Legal Matters15
Experts15
Information Incorporated by Reference15
Where You Can Find More Information16




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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission using a “shelf” registration process. Using this process, we may sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings up to a total dollar amount of $150,000,000 and the selling shareholders referred to in this prospectus and identified in supplements to the prospectus may also offer and sell our shares of common stock under this prospectus.

This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. Each time we use this prospectus to offer securities, we will provide a prospectus supplement that will describe the specific terms of the offering. The prospectus supplement may also add to or update other information contained in this prospectus.

In making your investment decision, you should rely only on the information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any prospectus supplement we may authorize to be delivered to you. This prospectus incorporates important business and financial information about us that is not included in or delivered with this prospectus. You may obtain a copy of this information, without charge, as described in the “Where You Can Find More Information” section. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with any other information. If you receive any other information, you should not rely on it.

You should not assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date on the front cover of this prospectus. You should not assume that the information contained in the documents incorporated by reference in this prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the respective dates of those documents. Our business, financial condition, results of operations, reserves and prospects may have changed since that date.

We encourage you to read this entire prospectus together with the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus before making a decision whether to invest in our securities.

ABOUT WORKHORSE GROUP INC.

We are a last mile delivery technology company headquartered in the United States. We have broad capabilities beginning with the development and production of American made battery-electric medium-duty truck chassis helping delivery fleets achieve efficiencies and strengthening their sustainability initiatives. To the best of our knowledge, we are the only medium-duty battery-electric original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in the United States. We have also recently commenced the development of an electric pickup work truck with range extender for fleet usage. With a focus on last mile delivery and expanding on fleets’ operational efficiencies, Workhorse also develops and integrates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. Our drone delivery platform, HorseFly™ is FAA compliant and fully integrated with our medium duty truck chassis. Workhorse also develops and integrates cloud-based, real-time proof-of-performance telematics monitoring software that provides fleet operators with advanced vehicle diagnostics, energy and route efficiency.

We are a Nevada corporation. Our executive offices are located at 100 Commerce Drive, Loveland, Ohio 45140, and our telephone number is 513-360-4704.

Unless otherwise stated or the context requires otherwise, references to “we,” “us,” the “Company” and “Workhorse Group” refer to Workhorse Group Inc. and unless otherwise differentiated, its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Workhorse Technologies Inc. and Workhorse Motor Works Inc.

RISK FACTORS
 
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risk factors and all other information contained in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, in our Quarterly Reports on Form 1 0-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K before investing in our securities. You should also consider similar information contained in any Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other document filed by us with the SEC after the date of this prospectus before deciding to invest in our securities. If any of these risks were to occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected. In that case, the trading price of our common stock or other securities could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment. When we offer and sell any securities pursuant to a prospectus supplement, we may include additional risk factors relevant to such securities in the prospectus supplement.
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FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements for many reasons, including the reasons described in our “Prospectus Summary,” “Use of Proceeds,” “Risk Factors,” “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Result of Operations,” and “Business” sections. In some cases, you can identify these forward-looking statements by terms such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “depends,” “estimate,” “expects,” “intend,” “may,” “ongoing,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “will,” “would” or the negative of those terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain those words.
 
We have based these forward looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward looking statements are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including risks described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, regarding, among other things:
 
●management and employee operations and execution risks;
 
●a failure to develop sales and the loss of any key customer that we may develop;
 
●loss of key personnel;
 
●competition in the markets we serve;

●intellectual property risks;
 
●our ability to fund our working capital requirements;
 
●risks associated with the uncertainty of future financial results;
 
●risks associated with this offering;
 
●risks associated with raising additional capital when needed and at reasonable terms; and
 
●risks associated with our reliance on third party suppliers of raw materials and other organizations that provide goods and services to us.
 
These risks are not exhaustive. Other sections of this prospectus may include additional factors that could adversely impact our business and financial performance. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risk factors emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for our management to predict all risk factors nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in, or implied by, any forward looking statements.
 
You should not rely upon forward looking statements as predictions of future events. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward looking statements will be achieved or occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward looking statements for any reason after the date of this prospectus or to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations.
 
You should read this prospectus and the documents that we reference in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward looking statements by these cautionary statements.

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OUR COMPANY
 
We are a last mile delivery technology company headquartered in the United States. We have broad capabilities beginning with the development and production of American made battery-electric medium-duty truck chassis helping delivery fleets achieve efficiencies and strengthening their sustainability initiatives. To the best of our knowledge, we are the only medium-duty battery-electric original equipment manufacturer (OEM) in the United States. We have also recently commenced the development of an electric pickup work truck with range extender for fleet usage. With a focus on last mile delivery and expanding on fleets’ operational efficiencies, Workhorse also develops and integrates unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platforms. Our drone delivery platform, HorseFly™ is FAA compliant and fully integrated with our medium duty truck chassis. Workhorse also develops and integrates cloud-based, real-time proof-of-performance telematics monitoring software that provides fleet operators with advanced vehicle diagnostics, energy and route efficiency.
 
On June 4, 2014, we entered into a Vehicle Purchase Agreement with United Parcel Service Inc. (“UPS”), pursuant to which we outlined with UPS the relationship by which we would sell vehicles to UPS. On August 7, 2015, we entered into a Prime Order under the Vehicle Purchase Agreement with UPS, pursuant to which UPS agreed to purchase 125 E-GEN trucks. In connection with each purchase order, we develop a delivery schedule as well as locations for specific deliveries. However, these deadlines are expected to evolve as UPS operations personnel from eight states will be involved in the scheduling. On September 7, 2016, we entered into a purchase order with UPS pursuant to which UPS agreed to purchase from the Company 200 E-GEN electric extended range delivery trucks.
 
Workhorse had previously entered into a purchase agreement with UPS to supply 18 all-electric Workhorse E-100 Walk-In Vans to be deployed in the Houston-Galveston, Texas area. The U.S. Department of Energy selected this project to improve local air quality in the Houston-Galveston area, which is currently designated as a National Ambient Air Quality Non-Attainment Area. We fulfilled this order in July 2016.
 
We have developed and begun delivery of our second generation, full-electric truck, “E-100”, which is a significant improvement over our first generation E-100 vehicle. The second-generation vehicle includes a single powerful electric motor with no transmission and lighter, high-density Lithium-ion batteries, giving the vehicle a range of up to 100 miles. We have filed a patent application for the system that extends the range of electric vehicles while reducing the overall cost of the typical battery-electric power train. The system, E-GENTM, is designed specifically for the package delivery vehicle market, in which the diesel and/or gasoline-powered vehicles in use now are required to stop and restart hundreds of times a day. Our E-GEN system incorporates a small internal combustion engine that powers an integrated electric motor as a generator when the battery pack reaches a pre-determined depth-of-discharge (DOD). The DOD is calculated based on projected route distance, package loads and electricity efficiency curves. The gas engine never propels the vehicle. Its task is simple: to automatically turn on in the event the battery needs a small re-charge. We believe that the range-extended battery-electric technology is an ideal fit for urban and suburban delivery routes, despite the typical fleet owner’s concerns about range and cost. Our E-GEN Drive system will enable our customers to keep their batteries charged to a consistent state of charge throughout the day and, since we are able to use smaller battery packs, we can reduce the cost of the entire system. Our E-GEN trucks offer a three-year payback, making them price competitive with gasoline-powered trucks. We recently entered into an agreement with Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) to supply the new quiet-running 2-cylinder gasoline generator replacing the current 4-cylinder engine to extend the range of our E-GEN product.
 
In March of 2013, we purchased the former Workhorse Custom Chassis assembly plant in Union City, Indiana from Navistar International. With this acquisition, we acquired the capability to be an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of Class 3-6 commercial-grade, medium-duty truck chassis, to be marketed under the Workhorse® brand. Ownership and operation of this plant enables us to build new chassis with gross vehicle weight capacities of between 10,000 and 26,000 pounds. These chassis are our new 88-track (W88) and include either of our two second-generation, battery-electric drive trains, both powered by Panasonic 18650 Li-ion cells. The W88 truck chassis is currently being offered to fleet purchasing managers at price points that are both attractive and cost competitive. At the same time, we intend to partner with engine suppliers and body fabricators to offer fleet-specific, custom, purpose-built chassis that provide total cost of ownership solutions that are superior to the competition.
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In addition to having the ability to build our own chassis, we design and produce battery-electric power trains that can be installed in new Workhorse chassis or installed as repower packages to convert used Class 3-6 medium-duty vehicles from diesel or gasoline power to electric power. Our approach is to provide battery-electric power trains utilizing proven, automotive-grade, mass-produced parts in their architectures, coupled with in-house control software that we have developed over the last five years.
 
The Workhorse Custom Chassis acquisition provides other important assets including the Workhorse brand and logo, intellectual property, schematics, logistical support from Up-Time Parts (a Navistar subsidiary) and a network of 400-plus sales and service outlets across North America. We believe the combination of our chassis assembly capability, coupled with its ability to offer an array of fuel choices, gives Workhorse a unique opportunity in the marketplace.

We are also seeking to re-design the future of parcel delivery aviation: HorseFly™, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that is designed for the package delivery market as well as other commercial applications. Our UAV works in tandem with our electric trucks to bring a practical low cost solution to making the last mile more efficient and cost effective for our parcel customers. HorseFly™ is designed to further improve package delivery efficiencies and has been developed in conjunction with the University of Cincinnati. In June 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration (or the FAA) announced new rules permitting commercial use of drones weighing less than 55 pounds subject to certain restrictions including maintaining visual contact.
 
We recently developed Metron® which is a system that provides fleet operators advanced energy and route efficiency while enabling them to monitor, control and update software remotely. We are also currently in the initial stages of developing a self-driving software to further differentiate us as the technology company with the most cost effective last mile delivery system in the marketplace.
 
On March 6, 2015, we responded to a Request for Information and Prequalification (RFI) from the United States Postal Service (USPS) for its Next Generation Delivery Vehicle (NGDV) Acquisition Program. The USPS operates a fleet of over 200,000 vehicles in all areas of the United States and its territories. Approximately 163,000 of these vehicles are right hand drive, light-duty carrier route vehicles purchased between 1987 and 2001. They are not current with advancements in vehicle technologies such as drivetrains, emissions, and safety related features. The postal service intends to retire this fleet in coming years, and to replace them with Next Generation Delivery Vehicles (NGDVs). NGDVs must be capable of delivering both mail to curbside mailboxes and parcel packages in a safe and efficient manner. The postal service states that NGDVs are also expected to benefit from today’s availability of practical technological improvements for drivetrains, bodies, chassis, safety systems, security, and innovative designs to improve vehicle loading and delivery operations. The USPS anticipates making a single award in 2017 to a supplier for up to 180,000 NGDVs to replace its current fleet of mail delivery vehicles. Delivery of the NGDVs to the USPS is expected to begin in 2018. On April 14, 2015, the USPS notified Workhorse that it had advanced in the NGDV Acquisition Program as a prequalified supplier. Workhorse partnered with VT Hackney, Inc. (“VT Hackney”), another pre-qualified supplier, to design and build the body, and the joint response to the USPS NGDV RFP was delivered by the USPS deadline of February 5, 2016. On March 18, 2016, Workhorse and VT Hackney attended by invitation from the USPS a meeting to present our RFP response and respond to questions. On September 16, 2016, the USPS awarded the contract for the NGDV Prototype to six prime suppliers including VT Hackney. Workhorse and VT Hackney have entered into a Teaming Agreement pursuant to which Workhorse was appointed as the exclusive subcontractor to provide the chassis and powertrain for the prototypes. 

USE OF PROCEEDS
 
Unless we indicate otherwise in an accompanying prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of our securities offered by this prospectus for general corporate purposes, which may include, but not be limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, refinancing of indebtedness and repurchases or redemptions of securities.
 
We will not receive any proceeds from the sales of shares of common stock by the selling stockholders. However, in the event a selling shareholder exercises a Stock Purchase Warrant for cash, we will use the proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include, but not be limited to, working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, refinancing of indebtedness and repurchases or redemptions of securities.
 

S-49

SELLING SHAREHOLDERS
 
We have agreed to register 1,033,717 shares of common stock presently outstanding and 1,833,193 shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of Stock Purchase Warrants that are beneficially owned by the selling shareholders identified below.
 
In November and December 2016, we entered into Warrant Exercise Agreements with the selling shareholders identified below pursuant to which, each of the warrant holders agreed to exercise at least one-third of their Stock Purchase Warrants (the “Warrant Exercises”). In consideration of the warrant holders exercising the minimum required amount, we agreed to register for resale all shares of common stock issued in connection with the Warrant Exercise and the remaining shares of common stock that may be issued upon exercise of the Stock Purchase Warrants in the future. As a result of the Warrant Exercises, we received gross proceeds of $3,889,329 and issued 915,217 shares of common stock to the warrant holders (the “November Shares”). In addition, in September 2016, a selling shareholder exercised 143,500 shares of common stock (the “September Shares” and collectively with the November Shares, the “Exercised Shares”) under a Stock Purchase Warrant for $5.28 per share for aggregate consideration of $757,680. We are required to register the Exercised Shares, less 25,000 Exercised Shares held by Gerald Budde, a director of our company, as well as 1,833,193 shares of common stock underlying the Stock Purchase Warrants. Maxim Group LLC (“Maxim”) acted as solicitation agent for the Warrant Exercises. The Company paid Maxim a cash fee equal to 6.0% of the Warrant Exercise proceeds, as well as fees and expenses of $10,000. In addition, we paid Maxim $140,000 as exclusive consideration of Maxim terminating its advisory agreement and the related right of first refusal for any future financing therein.
 
The description contained herein of the terms of the Warrant Exercise Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the form of Warrant Exercise Agreement, a copy of which was attached as Exhibit 10.1 to this Registration Statement.
 
Other than as described herein, the selling shareholders do not have, and within the past three years have not had, any position, office or material relationship with us or any of our predecessors or affiliates.

The following table sets forth the names of the selling shareholders, the numbers of shares of our common stock beneficially owned by such shareholders as of December 12, 2016, and the numbers of shares that may be offered for resale by the selling shareholders from time to time as described in the “Plan of Distribution.” The shares of common stock may also be sold by donees, pledgees, and other transferees or successors in interest of the selling stockholders.
 
The selling shareholders may decide to sell all, some, or none of the shares of common stock. We currently have no agreements, arrangements or understandings with any of the selling shareholders regarding the sale of the shares of common stock covered by this prospectus. We cannot provide you with any estimate of the number of shares of our common stock that the selling shareholders will hold in the future.
 
For purposes of this table, beneficial ownership is determined in accordance with the Rule 13d-3 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and includes voting power and investment power with respect to such shares. In calculating the percentage ownership or percent of equity vote for a given individual or group, the number of shares of common stock outstanding for that individual or group includes unissued shares subject to options, warrants, rights or conversion privileges exercisable within sixty days held by such individual or group, but are not deemed outstanding by any other person or group.
S-50

The applicable percentage of ownership is based on an aggregate of 27,576,717 shares of our common stock issued and outstanding on December 12, 2016. 
Name of Selling ShareholderNumber of Shares of Common Stock
Owned Before the Offering		Percent of Common Stock Owned Before the OfferingShares Available for Sale Under this Prospectus(1) Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Owned after the Termination of the Offering(1)Percent of Common Stock to be Owned After Completion of the Offering(1)
Ernest Mario89,442  *28,571  (2) 60,871  *
Samuels 2012 Children’s Trust1,142,856  4.1 %571,428  (3) 571,428  2.0 %
David M. Fuerst3,571  *3,571  (4)  *
J. Victor Samuels & Barbara Samuels667,259  2.4 %285,714  (5) 381,545  1.4 %
John Pappajohn129,286  *57,143  (6) 72,143  *
Elliot Sabbagh21,428  *10,714  (7) 10,714  *
Clayton S. Fong28,572  *14,286  (8) 14,286  *
Vincent Iannelli50,357  *14,286  (9) 36,071  *
Thomas Iannelli45,857  *28,571  (10) 17,286  *
David L. Berkey7,143  *7,143  (11) —  —  
Marcella Goldstein Revocable Trust UAD 12/20/076,392  *3,571  (12) 2,821  *
Herbert J. Baumann28,572  *14,286  (13) 14,286  *
Jeff Gunther14,286  *7,143  (14) 7,143  *
Keith Goodman31,786  *7,143  (15) 24,643  *
Kyle Buchakjian14,286  *7,143  (16) 7,143  *
Joel Meyer14,286  *7,143  (17) 7,143  *
Bilha Schapira28,572  *14,286  (18) 14,286  *
Irving Lubman/Phyllis Lubman28,571  *28,571  (19) —  —  
John Walsh24,286  *14,286  (20) 10,000  *
Nicholas J. Nastasi3,781  *2,381  (21) 1,400  *
Michael Spector57,142  *28,571  (22) 28,571  *
MGC Properties LLC28,392  *8,571  (23) 19,821  *
Marc Lehman40,571  *28,571  (24) 12,000  *
Patricia Avery14,286  *7,143  (25) 7,143  *
Jay Alexander15,394  *7,143  (27) 8,251  *
John Robert Campo28,572  *14,286  (28) 14,286  *
Robert W. Main Trust57,142  *28,571  (29) 28,571  *
Shashank & Shilpa Upadhye26,286  *14,286  (30) 12,000  *
David GP Allan19,283  *14,283  (31) 5,000  *
Joe B. Cogdell8,342  *3,571  (32) 4,771  *
Mickey W. Kowitz174,000  *22,500  (33) 151,500  *
B. Michael Pisani21,486  *14,286  (34) 7,200  *
John R. Raphael Revocable Trust UAD 07/06/0714,286  *14,286  (35) —  —  
Ricky Solomon85,716  *85,716  (36) —  —  
Douglas Solomon43,572  *28,572  (38) 15,000  *
Andrew L. Goodenough24,286  *7,143  (39) 17,143  *
Kenneth A. Alter7,144  *3,573  (40) 3,571  *
Kenneth T. Ashkin10,715  *7,143  (41) 3,571  *
Nancy Schachleiter37,500  *37,500  (42) —  —  

S-51


Name of Selling ShareholderNumber of Shares of Common Stock
Owned Before the Offering		Percent of Common Stock Owned Before the OfferingShares Available for Sale Under this Prospectus(1) Number of Shares of Common Stock to be Owned after the Termination of the Offering(1)Percent of Common Stock to be Owned After Completion of the Offering(1)
Michael & Jill Solomon28,572  *14,286  (43) 14,286  *
Howard Solomon 2014 Trust28,572  *14,286  (44) 14,286  *
ATJ Electrical Co Inc.85,715  *42,858  (45) 42,857  *
Daniel Blackwell28,572  *28,572  (46) —  —  
Eric & Dierdre K. Okamoto12,143  *7,143  (47) 5,000  *
Henry Steeneck15,286  *14,286  (48) 1,000  *
Ignacio Ponce de Leon28,572  *14,286  (49) 14,286  *
Jesse Lipcon11,286  *7,143  (50) 4,143  *
Jon Leffew26,286  *14,286  (51) 12,000  *
Kenneth Beckerman44,513  *24,288  (52) 22,225  *
Larry Hauskins23,786  *14,286  (53) 9,500  *
Marmatt LLC16,443  *7,143  (54) 9,300  *
Marvin Maslow36,072  *28,572  (55) 7,500  *
Richland Management833,307  2.99 %428,574  (56) 404,733  1.5 %
Scherlis Family LLC308,884  1.11 %214,287  (57) 94,597  *
Scott Dols94,287  *64,287  (58) 30,000  *
William L. Davis14,286  *7,143  (60) 7,143  *
Daniel J. Wampler125,000  *125,000  (61) —  —  
Marvin P. Loeb IT, Alan E. Loeb, Trustee30,310  *30,310  (62) —  —  
Angelus C. Chan14,286  *14,286  (63) —  —  
Dustin & Carol Wilson14,286  *7,143  (64) 7,143  *
Anthony V. Milone19,302  *10,002  (65) 9,300  *
Paul Stamatis28,571  *28,571  (66) —  —  
Larry P. Schaefer12,500  *12,500  (67) —  —  
Samuel Stagger39,678  *9,524  (68) 30,154  *
Robert H. Chicoine Jr.14,286  *7,143  (69) 7,143  *
Daniel D. Janka15,000  *15,000  (70) —  —  
William & Elizabeth Schulz Davis13,393  *6,250  (71) 7,143  *
Stephen & Nancy Beckerman28,572  *14,286  (72) 14,286  *
Idan Sahar50,422  *28,572  (73) 21,850  *
Anthony B. Cimino28,572  *28,572  (74) —  —  
Harvey Abrams14,286  *14,286  (75) —  —  
Han Group Solutions LLC18,000  *9,500  (76) 8,500  *
Eli Anker14,286  *14,286  (77) —  —  
Brian Frank19,286  *14,286  (78) 5,000  *
Gregory J. Pamela Vislocky28,572  *28,572  (79) —  —  
 
*less than 10%
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(1)Because (a) the selling shareholders may offer all, some or none of the shares covered by this prospectus, (b) the offering of the selling shareholders’ shares is not being underwritten on a firm commitment basis, and (c) the selling shareholders could purchase additional shares of our common stock from time to time, No estimate can be given as to the number of shares or percent of our common stock that will be held by the selling shareholders upon termination of the offering. The fourth column assumes the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Shareholders pursuant to this prospectus. The fifth column lists the percentage of common stock owned by the Selling Shareholders after completion of the offering, assuming the sale of all of the shares offered by the Selling Shareholders pursuant to this prospectus.
(2)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(3)Represents 191,104 shares of common stock and 380,324 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share. H. Benjamin Samuels, a director of Workhorse, is the trustee of the Samuels 2012 Children’s Trust.
(4)Represents 1,191 shares of common stock and 2,380 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(5)Represents 23,802 shares of common stock and 261,912 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(6)Represents 19,048 shares of common stock and 38,095 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(7)Represents 3,572 shares of common stock and 7,142 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(8)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(9)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(10)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(11)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(12)Represents 1,191 shares of common stock and 2,380 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(13)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(14)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(15)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(16)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(17)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(18)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(19)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(20)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(21)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock.
(22)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(23)Represents 2,858 shares of common stock and 5,713 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(24)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(25)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(26)Intentionally left blank.
(27)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(28)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(29)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
S-53

(30)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(31)Represents 4,761 shares of common stock and 9,522 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(32)Represents 1,191 shares of common stock and 2,380 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(33)Represents 22,500 shares of common stock.
(34)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(35)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(36)Represents 28,572 shares of common stock and 57,144 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(37)Intentionally left blank.
(38)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,048 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(39)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(40)Represents 1,191 shares of common stock and 2,382 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(41)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(42)Represents 12,500 shares of common stock and 25,000 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $1.50 per share.
(43)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(44)Represents 3,476 shares of common stock and 10,810 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(45)Represents 14,286 shares of common stock and 28,572 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(46)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,048 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(47)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(48)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(49)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(50)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(51)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(52)Represents 8,096 shares of common stock and 16,192 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(53)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(54)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(55)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,048 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(56)Represents 142,858 shares of common stock and 285,716 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(57)Represents 71,429 shares of common stock and 142,858 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(58)Represents 21,429 shares of common stock and 42,858 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(59)Intentionally left blank.
(60)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
S-54

(61)Represents 125,000 shares of common stock.
(62)Represents 30,310 shares of common stock.
(63)Represents 14,286 shares of common stock.
(64)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(65)Represents 3,334 shares of common stock and 6,668 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(66)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,047 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(67)Represents 4,167 shares of common stock and 8,333 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $1.50 per share.
(68)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock.
(69)Represents 2,381 shares of common stock and 4,762 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(70)Represents 15,000 shares of common stock.
(71)Represents 6,250 shares of common stock.
(72)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(73)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,048 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(74)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,048 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(75)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(76)Represents 3,167 shares of common stock and 6,333 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $1.50 per share.
(77)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(78)Represents 4,762 shares of common stock and 9,524 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.
(79)Represents 9,524 shares of common stock and 19,048 shares of common stock exercisable under the Stock Purchase Warrant exercisable for $5.28 per share.

S-55

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
 
Our articles of incorporation provide that we are authorized to issue 50 million shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 75 million shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share.
 
Common Stock
 
Voting Rights
 
The holders of our common stock are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted upon by our shareholders, including the election of directors. Cumulative voting is not permitted in the election of directors.
 
Dividend Rights
 
Subject to preferences that may apply to shares of preferred stock outstanding at the time, the holders of outstanding shares of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of funds legally available if our board of directors, in its discretion, determines to issue dividends and then only at the times and in the amounts that our board may determine.
 
Liquidation Rights
 
In the event of our liquidation, dissolution, or winding up, our common shareholders will receive ratably any net assets that remain after the payment of all of our debts and other liabilities, subject to the senior rights of any outstanding preferred stock.
 
Other
 
Our shares of common stock are not convertible into any other security and do not have any preemptive rights, conversion rights, redemption rights or sinking fund provisions. The rights, preferences and privileges, including voting rights, of holders of our common stock are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of preferred stock that the board may designate and issue in the future. There are currently no preferred shares outstanding.
 
Preferred Stock
 
We are authorized to issue up to 75 million shares of preferred stock, in one or more series with such designations, relative rights, preferences, voting rights, limitations, dividend rates, redemption prices, liquidation prices, conversion rights, sinking or purchase fund rights, and other provisions as the board may fix or determine. Any series of preferred stock may have rights and privileges superior to those of common stock.
 
No shares of preferred stock have been issued to date, nor do we have any currently designated shares of preferred stock. We currently have no plans to issue any shares of preferred stock.
 
Stock Purchase Warrants
 
On November 9, 2015 and December 4, 2015, Workhorse entered into Securities Purchase Agreements with several accredited investors (the “Investors”) providing for the sale by Workhorse to the Investors of 6% Convertible Promissory Notes in the aggregate amount of $13,534,426 (the “Notes”). In addition to the Notes, the Investors also received stock purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) to acquire an aggregate of 1,366,979 shares of common stock of our company. The Warrants are exercisable for five years at an exercise price of $5.28.

In May 2014, we entered into subscription agreement with accredited investors (“May 2014 Investors”) pursuant to which the May 2014 Investors purchased 1,428,000 shares of common stock for a purchase price of $1,428,000, together with a common stock purchase warrants to acquire 714,000 shares of common stock at $1.50 per share for a period of three years.
 
In May 2014, we entered into conversion agreements with debt holders that were accredited investors (“May 2014 Conversion Investors”) pursuant to which the May 2014 Conversion Investors converted $1,169,300 into
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1,169,300 shares of common stock together with a common stock purchase warrants to acquire 584,650 shares of common stock at $1.50 per share for a period of three years.
 
We entered into Subscription Agreements with five accredited investors (the “December 2014 Investors”) between November 24, 2014 and December 29, 2014 providing for the sale to the December 2014 Investors of 14% Unsecured Convertible Promissory Notes in the aggregate amount of $1,243,000 (the “December 2014 Notes”). In addition to the December 2014 Notes, the December 2014 Investors also received common stock purchase warrants (the “December 2014 Warrants”) to acquire 443,929 shares of common stock. The December 2014 Warrants are exercisable for five years at an exercise price of $1.40. The initial closing of $200,000 was on November 24, 2014, the second closing of $700,000 was on December 8, 2014 and the third closing of $343,000 was on December 30, 2014.
 
Anti-Takeover Provisions Under Nevada Law.
 
Combinations with Interested Stockholder. Sections 78.411-78.444, inclusive, of the Nevada Revised Statutes (“NRS”) contain provisions governing combinations with an interested stockholder. For purposes of the NRS, “combinations” include: (i) any merger or consolidation with any interested stockholder, (ii) any sale, lease, exchange, mortgage, pledge, transfer or other disposition to any interested stockholder of corporate assets with an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of the corporation’s consolidated assets, 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the corporation or 10% or more of the earning power or net income of the corporation, (iii) the issuance to any interested stockholder of voting shares (except pursuant to a share dividend or similar proportionate distribution) with an aggregate market value equal to 5% or more of the aggregate market value of all the outstanding shares of the corporation, (iv) the dissolution of the corporation if proposed by or on behalf of any interested stockholder, (v) any reclassification of securities, recapitalization or corporate reorganization that will have the effect of increasing the proportionate share of the corporation’s outstanding voting shares held by any interested stockholder and (vi) any receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit (except proportionately as a stockholder) of any loan, advance, guarantee, pledge or other financial assistance. For purposes of the NRS, an “interested stockholder” is defined to include any beneficial owner of more than 10% of any class of the voting securities of a Nevada corporation and any person who is an affiliate or associate of the corporation and was at any time during the preceding three years the beneficial owner or more than 10% of any class of the voting securities of the Nevada corporation.
 
Subject to certain exceptions, the provisions of the NRS governing combinations with interested stockholders provide that a Nevada corporation may not engage in a combination with an interested stockholder for two years after the date that the person first became an interested stockholder unless the combination or the transaction by which the person first became an interested stockholder is approved by the board of directors before the person first became an interested stockholder.
 
Control Share Acquisitions

The NRS also contains a “control share acquisitions statute.” If applicable to a Nevada corporation this statute restricts the voting rights of certain stockholders referred to as “acquiring persons,” that acquire or offer to acquire ownership of a “controlling interest” in the outstanding voting stock of an “issuing corporation.” For purposes of these provisions a “controlling interest” means with certain exceptions the ownership of outstanding voting stock sufficient to enable the acquiring person to exercise one-fifth or more but less than one-third, one-third or more but less than a majority, or a majority or more of all voting power in the election of directors and “issuing corporation” means a Nevada corporation that has 200 or more stockholders of record, at least 100 of whom have addresses in Nevada appearing on the stock ledger of the corporation, and which does business in Nevada directly or through an affiliated corporation. The voting rights of an acquiring person in the affected shares will be restored only if such restoration is approved by the holders of a majority of the voting power of the corporation. The NRS allows a corporation to “opt-out” of the control share acquisitions statute by providing in such corporation’s articles of incorporation or bylaws that the control share acquisitions statute does not apply to the corporation or to an acquisition of a controlling interest specifically by types of existing or future stockholders, whether or not identified.
 
Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
 
No Cumulative Voting.Where cumulative voting is permitted in the election of directors, each share is entitled to as many votes as there are directors to be elected and each shareholder may cast all of its votes for a single director nominee or distribute them among two or more director nominees. Thus, cumulative voting makes it easier for a minority shareholder to elect a director. Our articles of incorporation deny shareholders the right to vote cumulatively.
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Authorized But Unissued Shares

Our articles of incorporation permit the board to authorize the issuance of preferred stock, and to designate the rights and preferences of our preferred stock, without obtaining shareholder approval. One of the effects of undesignated preferred stock may be to enable the board to render more difficult or to discourage a third party’s attempt to obtain control of Workhorse Group by means of a tender offer, proxy contest, merger, or otherwise. The issuance of shares of preferred stock also may discourage a party from making a bid for the common stock because the issuance may adversely affect the rights of the holders of common stock. For example, preferred stock that we issue may rank prior to the common stock as to dividend rights, liquidation preference, or both, may have special voting rights and may be convertible into shares of common stock. Accordingly, the issuance of shares of preferred stock may discourage bids for our common stock or may otherwise adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
 
Transfer Agent or Registrar
 
Empire Stock Transfer, Inc. is the transfer agent and registrar of our common stock.

DESCRIPTION OF WARRANTS
 
We may issue warrants for the purchase of common stock or preferred stock. Warrants may be issued independently or together with common stock or preferred stock offered by any prospectus supplement and may be attached to or separate from any such offered securities. Series of warrants may be issued under a separate warrant agreement entered into between us and a bank or trust company, as warrant agent, all as will be set forth in the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of warrants. The warrant agent would act solely as our agent in connection with the warrants and would not assume any obligation or relationship of agency or trust for or with any holders of warrants or beneficial owners of warrants.
 
The following summary of certain provisions of the warrants does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, all provisions of the warrant agreements.
 
Reference is made to the prospectus supplement relating to the particular issue of warrants offered pursuant to such prospectus supplement for the terms of and information relating to such warrants, including, where applicable:
 
●the number of shares of common stock or preferred stock purchasable upon the exercise of warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock and the price at which such number of shares of common stock or preferred stock may be purchased upon such exercise;
 
●the date on which the right to exercise such warrants shall commence and the date on which such right shall expire;

●United States federal income tax consequences applicable to such warrants;
 
●the amount of warrants outstanding as of the most recent practicable date; and
 
●any other terms of such warrants.
 
Warrants will be issued in registered form only. The exercise price for warrants will be subject to adjustment in accordance with the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
Each warrant will entitle the holder thereof to purchase such number of shares of common stock or preferred stock at such exercise price as shall in each case be set forth in, or calculable from, the prospectus supplement relating to the warrants, which exercise price may be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events as set forth in such prospectus supplement. After the close of business on the expiration date, or such later date to which such expiration date may be extended by us, unexercised warrants will become void. The place or places where, and the manner in which, warrants may be exercised shall be specified in the prospectus supplement relating to such warrants.
 
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Prior to the exercise of any warrants to purchase common stock or preferred stock, holders of such warrants will not have any of the rights of holders of common stock or preferred stock, as the case may be, purchasable upon such exercise, including the right to receive payments of dividends, if any, on the common stock purchasable upon such exercise, or to exercise any applicable right to vote.

DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES
 
We may issue debt securities together with other securities or separately, as described in the applicable prospectus supplement, under an indenture to be entered into between our company and the trustee that meets certain requirements identified in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
We may issue the debt securities in one or more series with the same or various maturities, at par, at a premium, or at a discount. We will describe the particular terms of each series of debt securities in a prospectus supplement relating to that series, which we will file with the SEC.

The prospectus supplement will set forth, to the extent required, the following terms of the debt securities in respect of which the prospectus supplement is delivered:
 
●the title of the series;
 
●the aggregate principal amount;
 
●the issue price or prices, expressed as a percentage of the aggregate principal amount of the debt securities;
 
●any limit on the aggregate principal amount;
 
●the date or dates on which principal is payable;
 
●the interest rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable) or, if applicable, the method used to determine such rate or rates;
 
●the date or dates from which interest, if any, will be payable and any regular record date for the interest payable;
 
●the terms and conditions upon which we may, or the holders may require us to, redeem or repurchase the debt securities;
 
●the denominations in which such debt securities may be issuable, if other than denominations of $1,000, or any integral multiple of that number;
 
●whether the debt securities are to be issuable in the form of certificated debt securities or global debt securities;
 
●the portion of principal amount that will be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity date if other than the principal amount of the debt securities;
 
●if applicable, covenants affording holders of debt protection with respect to our operations, financial condition or transactions involving us;
 
●the designation of the currency, currencies or currency units in which payment of principal and, if applicable, premium and interest, will be made;
 
●if payments of principal and, if applicable, premium or interest, on the debt securities are to be made in one or more currencies or currency units other than the currency of denominations, the manner in which the exchange rate with respect to such payments will be determined;
 
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●if amounts of principal and, if applicable, premium and interest may be determined by reference to an index based on a currency or currencies, or by reference to a commodity, commodity index, stock exchange index, or financial index, then the manner in which such amounts will be determined;
 
●the provisions, if any, relating to any collateral provided for such debt securities;
 
●the provisions, if any, relating to any collateral provided for such debt securities;
 
●any events of default;
 
●the terms and conditions, if any, for conversion into or exchange for common shares;
 
●any depositaries, interest rate calculation agents, exchange rate calculation agents, or other agents; and

●whether such debt securities are senior securities or subordinated securities and the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the debt securities shall be subordinated in right of payment to other indebtedness of our company.
 
One or more debt securities may be sold at a substantial discount below their stated principal amount. We may also issue debt securities in bearer form, with or without coupons. If we issue discount debt securities or debt securities in bearer form, we will describe material U.S. federal income tax considerations and other material special considerations which apply to these debt securities in the applicable prospectus .
 
We may issue debt securities denominated in or payable in a foreign currency or currencies or a foreign currency unit or units. If we do, we will describe the restrictions, elections, and general tax considerations relating to the debt securities and the foreign currency or currencies or foreign currency unit or units in the applicable prospectus supplement.

The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in the form of one or more global securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, a depositary identified in the prospectus supplement. Global securities will be issued in registered form and in either temporary or definitive form. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for individual debt securities, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for such global security to a nominee of such depositary or by a nominee of such depositary to such depositary or another nominee of such depositary or by such depositary or any such nominee to a successor of such depositary or a nominee of such successor. The specific terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any debt securities of a series and the rights of and limitations upon owners of beneficial interests in a global security will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement.

DESCRIPTION OF UNITS
 
The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the general features of the units that we may offer under this prospectus. We may issue units consisting of two or more other constituent securities. These units may be issuable as, and for a specified period of time may be transferable only as a single security, rather than as the separate constituent securities comprising such units. While the features we have summarized below will generally apply to any units we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any units that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The specific terms of any units may differ from the description provided below as a result of negotiations with third parties in connection with the issuance of those units, as well as for other reasons. Because the terms of any units we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below, you should rely solely on information in the applicable prospectus supplement if that summary is different from the summary in this prospectus.
 
We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplement related to the specific units being offered, as well as the complete instruments that contain the terms of the securities that comprise those units. Certain of those instruments, or forms of those instruments, have been or will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and supplements to those instruments or forms may be incorporated by reference into the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part from reports we file with the Commission.
 
If we offer any units, certain terms of that series of units will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the following, as applicable:
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●the title of the series of units;
 
●identification and description of the separate constituent securities comprising the units;
 
●the price or prices at which the units will be issued;
 
●the date, if any, on and after which the constituent securities comprising the units will be separately transferable;
 
●a discussion of certain United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the units; and
 
●any other terms of the units and their constituent securities.
 
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION
 
We and the selling shareholders may sell securities in and outside the United States through underwriters or dealers, directly to purchasers or through agents or in ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker-dealer solicits purchasers. To the extent required by applicable law, a prospectus supplement will include the following information:
 
●the terms of the offering;
 
●the names of any underwriters or agents;
 
●the names of the selling stockholders;
 
●the purchase price of the securities;
 
●the net proceeds to us from the sale of the securities;
 
●any delayed delivery arrangements;
 
●any underwriting discounts, commissions and other items constituting underwriters’ compensation;

●the initial public offering price;
 
●any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and

●any commissions paid to agents.
 
Sale Through Underwriters or Dealers
 
If we use underwriters in the sale of securities, the underwriters will acquire the securities for their own account. The underwriters may resell the securities from time to time in one or more transactions, including negotiated transactions, at a fixed public offering price or at varying prices determined at the time of sale. Underwriters may offer securities to the public either through underwriting syndicates represented by one or more managing underwriters or directly by one or more firms acting as underwriters. Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement, the obligations of the underwriters to purchase the
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securities will be subject to conditions, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all the securities if they purchase any securities. The underwriters may change from time to time any initial public offering price and any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers.
 
During and after an offering through underwriters, the underwriters may purchase and sell the securities in the open market. These transactions may include over allotment and stabilizing transactions and purchases to cover syndicate short positions created in connection with the offering. The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid, whereby selling concessions allowed to syndicate members or other broker-dealers for the offered securities sold for their account may be reclaimed by the syndicate if such offered securities are repurchased by the syndicate in stabilizing or covering transactions. These activities may stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the offered securities, which may be higher than the price that might otherwise prevail in the open market. If commenced, these activities may be discontinued at any time.
 
If we or the selling shareholders use dealers in the sale of securities, we or the selling shareholders will sell the securities to them as principals. They may then resell the securities to the public at varying prices determined by the dealers at the time of resale. The dealers participating in any sale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of such securities. We will include in any prospectus supplement the names of the dealers and the terms of the transactions.
 
We will bear costs relating to all of the securities being registered under this registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
 
Any broker-dealers or other persons acting on our behalf or on behalf of the selling shareholder that participate with us in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters and any commissions received or profit realized by them on the resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding between any broker or dealer and us with respect to the offer or sale of the securities pursuant to this prospectus.
 
Pursuant to a requirement by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the maximum commission or discount to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker/dealer may not be greater than eight percent (8%) of the gross proceeds received by us for the sale of any securities being registered pursuant to SEC Rule 415 under the Securities Act. If more than 5% of the net proceeds of any offering of securities made under this prospectus will be received by a FINRA member participating in the offering or its affiliates or associated persons of such FINRA member, the offering will be conducted in accordance with FINRA Conduct Rule 5121.
 
Direct Sales and Sales Through Agents
 
We and the selling shareholders may sell the securities directly. In that event, no underwriters or agents would be involved. We and the selling shareholders may also sell the securities through agents we designate from time to time. In the prospectus supplement, we will name any agent involved in the offer or sale of the securities, and we will describe any commissions payable by us to the agent. Unless we inform you otherwise in the prospectus supplement, any agent will agree to use its reasonable best efforts to solicit purchases for the period of its appointment.
 
We may sell the securities directly to institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act with respect to any sale of the securities. We will describe the terms of any such sales in the prospectus supplement.
 
Delayed Delivery Contracts
 
If we so indicate in the prospectus supplement, we may authorize agents, underwriters or dealers to solicit offers from certain types of institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price under delayed delivery contracts. These contracts would provide for payment and delivery on a specified date in the future. The contracts would be subject only to those conditions described in the prospectus supplement. The prospectus supplement will describe the commission payable for solicitation of those contracts.

Subscription Offerings
 
We may also make direct sales through subscription rights distributed to our existing stockholders on a pro rata basis, which may or may not be transferable. In any distribution of subscription rights to our stockholders, if all of the underlying securities are not subscribed for, we may then sell the unsubscribed securities directly to third parties or may engage the
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services of one or more underwriters, dealers or agents, including standby underwriters, to sell the unsubscribed securities to third parties.
 
General Information
 
We may have agreements with the agents, dealers and underwriters to indemnify them against civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute with respect to payments that the agents, dealers or underwriters may be required to make. Agents, dealers and underwriters may engage in transactions with us or perform services for us in the ordinary course of their businesses.
 
LEGAL MATTERS
 
Certain legal matters with respect to the shares of our securities offered by this prospectus will be passed upon for us by Fleming PLLC, Rockville Centre, New York. Any underwriters, dealers or agents will be advised about other issues relating to any transaction by their own legal counsel.
 
EXPERTS
 
The consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Workhorse Group Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, have been audited by Clark, Schaefer, Hackett & Co., an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference, and have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
INFORMATION INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
 
This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 filed by us with the SEC. This prospectus does not contain all of the information included in the registration statement, certain parts of which are omitted in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC.
 
The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” certain documents that we file with the SEC, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents that are considered part of this prospectus. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we file later with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information. We incorporate by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below:
 
●our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 as filed on March 25, 2016 (File No. 001-37 673),
 
●our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 as filed on November 14, 2016 (File No. 001-37673),
 
●current reports filed on July 1, 2016, September 12, 2016 and September 16, 2016 (File No. 001-37673), and
 
●any future filings with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, including those made after the date of filing the initial registration statement and prior to effectiveness of the registration statement, until the termination of the offerings under this prospectus; provided that this prospectus will not incorporate any information we may furnish to the SEC under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K.
You may request copies of these filings, at no cost, by writing or calling us at:
 
Workhorse Group Inc.
100 Commerce Drive
Loveland, Ohio 45140
513-360-4704
Attn: Paul Gaitan, Chief Financial Officer
Telephone: 513-360-4704
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Our SEC filings are also available on our website at www.workhorse.com. The other information on our website is not, and you must not consider the information to be, a part of this prospectus.
 
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
 
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F. Street, N.E., Washington, D.C., 2 0549. You can request copies of these documents by contacting the SEC upon payment of fees prescribed by the SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room can be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. Our SEC filings are also available to the public from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

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PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
 
 
 
November 21, 2019

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